{ "schema_version": 1, "row_count": 51, "source_data_sha256": "f6a1c2e9c041c24eac7582872d61158cf492939314bf31010ea8a355bbffe556", "model_source_sha256": "3eb7c9710dc2bfa87651eab159c846e98cc2a42302f900d548027a1c63182bbe", "benchmark_constants_source_sha256": "ecdff01624030b587794696b2f4e39a05a240cbd29a8787564c29ffcec80fefd", "units": { "electricity_rate": "cents/kWh", "insolation": "kWh/m²/day on a 20° south-facing panel (NSRDB via PVWatts v8, one location per state)", "system_size": "kW DC", "production": "kWh/year", "installed_cost": "USD", "cost_per_watt": "USD/W DC", "self_consumption": "percent", "degradation": "percent/year", "escalation": "percent/year", "payback": "years; null means no break-even within model horizon" }, "metadata": { "rate_source": "U.S. Energy Information Administration, Electric Power Annual, Table 2.10 - Average Price of Electricity to Ultimate Customers by End-Use Sector, by State (residential, cents per kilowatthour)", "rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "insolation_source": "NSRDB typical-meteorological-year solar data via the NLR (formerly NREL) PVWatts v8 API, one request per state at the U.S. Census Bureau 2020 state center of population, for a 1 kW south-facing (azimuth 180°) fixed roof-mounted array tilted 20°. The value is PVWatts' solrad_annual: average daily solar energy on that tilted panel, in kWh/m²/day.", "insolation_source_url": "https://developer.nlr.gov/docs/solar/pvwatts/v8/", "incentive_source": "Row-specific primary administrator records where verified; all unresolved claims explicitly unknown. This is not a comprehensive incentive inventory.", "incentive_source_url": "/data/solar-inputs.json", "federal_status_note": "No federal credit is applied by default. IRS Residential Clean Energy Credit guidance excludes property placed in service after December 31, 2025. Carryforward and other credits require separate eligibility checks.", "rate_unit": "cents_per_kWh", "insolation_unit": "kWh_per_m2_per_day", "rate_source_file": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/xls/epa_02_10.xlsx", "rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "rate_period_note": "All rows retain calendar-year 2024 annual residential prices from EIA Table 2.10. These are statewide averages, not current address-specific tariffs. No claim is made that they are the newest available prices.", "rate_retrieved": "2026-08-23", "rate_refresh_policy": "The published input files identify the period used. Change the numerical series only after checking all rows against the chosen EIA release; do not mix annual and monthly vintages.", "rate_verified": "2026-09-24", "insolation_source_url_role": "Documentation of the API used; per-state request parameters, weather-file IDs, NSRDB dataset versions and responses are published in /data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json.", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_recipe": "For each state: take the latitude/longitude of the 2020 Census center of population (CenPop2020_Mean_ST.txt); request PVWatts v8 with system_capacity=1, module_type=0, losses=14, array_type=1, tilt=20, azimuth=180, dataset=nsrdb; use outputs.solrad_annual rounded to two decimals. One location stands in for a whole state, so homes far from that point (and any shaded, east/west or steep roof) will differ. Anyone with a free NLR developer key can repeat the 51 requests; every request and response is published.", "insolation_sensitivity": "Production stress test: annual production 20% lower and 20% higher. This is a what-if range, not a confidence interval.", "suitability_note": "Legacy internal illustrative score, not validated; not used to calculate payback.", "incentive_review_date": "2026-09-24", "incentive_review_policy": "verified_on applies only to the retained, cited scope. reviewed_on for unknown rows records removal of unverified claims, not verification of program absence.", "federal_source_url": "https://www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/residential-clean-energy-credit", "federal_verified": "2026-09-24", "model_assumption_note": "Installed cost per watt, performance ratio, degradation and electricity-price escalation are illustrative assumptions, not surveyed market observations or forecasts.", "insolation_crosscheck": "PVWatts' own AC output for the same 1 kW array, divided by this site's shortcut (sunlight × 365 × 0.78), ranges 0.915–1.057 across the 51 locations (median 0.980): the shortcut is within about 2% of PVWatts at the median, about 9% high in the least favourable state (Mississippi, 0.915) and about 5% low at the other extreme (Alaska, 1.057)." }, "assumptions": { "system_size_kw": 7, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "performance_ratio": 0.78, "horizon_years": 25 }, "incentive_coverage": { "verified_scope": 17, "unknown": 34, "note": "Verification covers only cited statements, not every incentive in a jurisdiction or current funding." }, "rows": [ { "code": "AK", "name": "Alaska", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 24.82, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 3.03, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 6038.486999999999, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 24.82, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 24.82, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 1498.7524733999999, "payback_years": 12.86545736985952, "flat_price_payback_years": 15.495442679509297, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 15.532716863335667, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 10.985070612846375 }, "incentive_summary": "Unknown: current incentives, eligibility and legacy status not verified. Unknown does not mean none exist. Places to check: the net-metering or export tariff of the utility serving the address.", "incentive_review": { "status": "unknown", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": null, "program_status": "Unknown — no active or legacy status verified.", "territory": "Utility and program territory not verified.", "eligibility": "Not verified; check the administering agency and the electric utility for the installation address.", "effective_date": null, "sources": [], "unresolved": "No claim-specific primary administrator record was verified for this row in this review. Do not infer that no benefits are available." } }, { "code": "AL", "name": "Alabama", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 15.18, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 5.26, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 10482.654, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 15.18, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 15.18, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 1591.2668772, "payback_years": 12.218224191918969, "flat_price_payback_years": 14.560868044554931, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 14.775672124703508, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 10.418570322901106 }, "incentive_summary": "Unknown: current incentives, eligibility and legacy status not verified. Unknown does not mean none exist. Places to check: the net-metering or export tariff of the utility serving the address, and the Alabama Public Service Commission (psc.alabama.gov).", "incentive_review": { "status": "unknown", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": null, "program_status": "Unknown — no active or legacy status verified.", "territory": "Utility and program territory not verified.", "eligibility": "Not verified; check the administering agency and the electric utility for the installation address.", "effective_date": null, "sources": [], "unresolved": "No claim-specific primary administrator record was verified for this row in this review. Do not infer that no benefits are available." } }, { "code": "AR", "name": "Arkansas", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 12.32, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 5.18, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 10323.222, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 12.32, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 12.32, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 1271.8209504, "payback_years": 14.787373094260936, "flat_price_payback_years": 18.39127672056787, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 17.775549882464155, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 12.665353608444628 }, "incentive_summary": "Unknown: current incentives, eligibility and legacy status not verified. Unknown does not mean none exist. Places to check: the net-metering or export tariff of the utility serving the address, and the Arkansas Public Service Commission (apsc.arkansas.gov).", "incentive_review": { "status": "unknown", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": null, "program_status": "Unknown — no active or legacy status verified.", "territory": "Utility and program territory not verified.", "eligibility": "Not verified; check the administering agency and the electric utility for the installation address.", "effective_date": null, "sources": [], "unresolved": "No claim-specific primary administrator record was verified for this row in this review. Do not infer that no benefits are available." } }, { "code": "AZ", "name": "Arizona", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 14.91, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 6.51, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 12973.779, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 14.91, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 14.91, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 1934.3904489000001, "payback_years": 10.300577451987483, "flat_price_payback_years": 11.899019445672353, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 12.514686925438836, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 8.754672264852793 }, "incentive_summary": "Export tariffs, not rebates. APS Rate Rider RCP, A.C.C. 6248 revision 11, effective September 1, 2026, lists 5.554 cents/kWh for its September 2026–August 2027 tranche. TEP Rider-14 (effective September 1, 2023) works the same way with October 1 tranches; TEP's Statement of Charges lists 5.13 cents/kWh for the tranche effective October 1, 2025. Each utility locks the initial rate for ten years from interconnection. Separately, A.R.S. 43-1083 allows an Arizona income tax credit of 25% of the cost of a solar energy device installed in the taxpayer's Arizona residence, up to 1,000 dollars per residence, with unused credit carried forward for up to five years. SRP's export terms are not covered in this row.", "incentive_review": { "program_status": "Active: current APS RCP revision (September 1, 2026) and TEP Rider-14 with its October 1, 2025 tranche documented; a later TEP tranche is listed as pending. Grandfathered legacy net-metering schedules/riders are excluded from both riders.", "territory": "APS and TEP service territories only. SRP customers: export terms are not established here; ask SRP for its current customer-generation price plan.", "eligibility": "APS: partial-requirements residential customers with qualifying on-site solar under an applicable residential rate; installation completed and approved within 180 days of the interconnection application (270 days if delayed by a third party or APS). TEP: residential or small general service customers with on-site solar or wind generation who take a TEP time-of-use rate.", "effective_date": "2026-09-01", "unresolved": "Individual application timing, utility approval, SRP terms and the pending TEP tranche remain unverified, as is how much of the A.R.S. 43-1083 credit a household can use against its own Arizona tax. Neither export prices nor the state credit are inserted into the retail-value benchmark.", "sources": [ { "id": "STATES-az-rcp", "title": "APS Rate Rider RCP, A.C.C. 6248 revision 11; Decision 82122", "url": "https://www.aps.com/-/media/APS/APSCOM-PDFs/Utility/Regulatory-and-Legal/Regulatory-Plan-Details-Tariffs/Residential/Renewable-Plans-and-Riders/rcp_RateSchedule.pdf?sc_lang=en", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2026-09-01", "excerpt": "Each Customer’s initial RCP rate will be applicable for 10 years from the time of their interconnection." }, { "id": "STATES-az-rcp-poa", "title": "APS Resource Comparison Proxy Plan of Administration; Decision No. 79482", "url": "https://www.aps.com/-/media/APS/APSCOM-PDFs/Utility/Regulatory-and-Legal/Regulatory-Plan-Details-Tariffs/Residential/Schedules/RCP_PlanOfAdministration.pdf?sc_lang=en", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2024-09-01", "excerpt": "In that circumstance, the Customer will have 270 days to complete their interconnection." }, { "id": "STATES-az-tep-r14", "title": "TEP Rider-14, Resource Comparison Proxy Export Rate (RCP-PRS); Decision No. 79065", "url": "https://docs.tep.com/wp-content/uploads/714-Rider-14-RCP.pdf", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2023-09-01", "excerpt": "Each Customer’s initial RCP rate will be applicable for 10 years from the time of their interconnection." }, { "id": "STATES-az-tep-soc", "title": "TEP Statement of Charges, sheet 801-2, Rider R-14 rows (tranche effective October 1, 2025; Decision No. 81488)", "url": "https://docs.tep.com/wp-content/uploads/TEP-Statement-of-Charges.pdf", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2025-10-01", "excerpt": "$0.0513 per kWh" }, { "id": "AZ-ars-43-1083", "title": "Arizona Revised Statutes 43-1083, Credit for solar energy devices", "url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/43/01083.htm", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": null, "excerpt": "The credit is equal to twenty-five percent of the cost of the device." }, { "id": "AZ-ars-42-5001", "title": "Arizona Revised Statutes 42-5001(20), definition of solar energy device", "url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/42/05001.htm", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": null, "excerpt": "\"Solar energy device\" means a system or series of mechanisms that are designed primarily to provide heating, to provide cooling, to produce electrical power" } ], "status": "verified_scope", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": "2026-09-24" } }, { "code": "CA", "name": "California", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 31.97, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 6.18, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 12316.122, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 31.97, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 31.97, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 3937.4642033999994, "payback_years": 5.384040090917914, "flat_price_payback_years": 5.757438786972163, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 6.626441843857874, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 4.5340972483412845 }, "incentive_summary": "Export tariff, not a rebate: since April 15, 2023, new PG&E, SCE and SDG&E solar customers take the net billing tariff (Decision 22-12-056), which credits exports at Avoided Cost Calculator values that vary with grid needs rather than at retail. PG&E and SCE residential applicants before the end of 2027 get a nine-year export adder; SDG&E customers do not. The only residential SGIP budget on CPUC's page not marked available through 2025, the Residential Solar and Storage Equity budget, is for low-income customers. No incentive amount is asserted for a typical household.", "incentive_review": { "status": "verified_scope", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": "2026-09-24", "program_status": "Active: net billing tariff open to new interconnection applications; earlier NEM tariffs closed to new enrollment. SGIP Residential Solar and Storage Equity budget reservable from June 2, 2025; the other residential SGIP budgets CPUC lists are marked available through 2025. Current SGIP fund availability not verified.", "territory": "NBT: PG&E, SCE and SDG&E territories only; LADWP and other publicly owned utilities are outside the CPUC net billing page, and their customer-generation terms were not reviewed. SGIP Equity budget: CPUC's SGIP page lists LADWP among the program administrators and directs customers of other publicly owned utilities and co-ops to a program administrator list.", "eligibility": "NBT: customers applying to interconnect eligible renewable generation from April 15, 2023; residential NBT customers must take the utility's electrification time-of-use rate (E-ELEC, TOU-D-PRIME or EV-TOU-5). Export adder: PG&E and SCE residential customers who apply before the end of 2027, not homes required to add solar by the building code. SGIP Equity budget: low-income residential customers.", "effective_date": "2023-04-15", "unresolved": "Hourly export credit values for a given application year, SCE and SDG&E tariff sheets, current SGIP fund availability and any household's income eligibility remain unverified. Export values are not inserted into the retail-value benchmark.", "sources": [ { "id": "STATES-ca-cpuc-nbt", "title": "CPUC, Net Energy Metering and Net Billing", "url": "https://www.cpuc.ca.gov/industries-and-topics/electrical-energy/demand-side-management/customer-generation/net-energy-metering-and-net-billing", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2023-04-15", "excerpt": "Since April 15, 2023, customers applying for interconnection have taken service on the new net billing tariff (NBT) pursuant to D.22-12-056." }, { "id": "STATES-ca-d2212056", "title": "CPUC Decision 22-12-056, Decision Revising Net Energy Metering Tariff and Subtariffs", "url": "https://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/PublishedDocs/Published/G000/M500/K043/500043682.PDF", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2022-12-15", "excerpt": "The successor tariff also replaces retail rate compensation for exported energy with Avoided Cost Calculator values that vary according to grid needs." }, { "id": "STATES-ca-pge-nbt", "title": "PG&E Electric Schedule NBT, Net Billing Tariff Service", "url": "https://www.pge.com/tariffs/assets/pdf/tariffbook/ELEC_SCHEDS_NBT.pdf", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2026-08-28", "excerpt": "Residential customers, including Load Aggregation Generating/Aggregated Accounts, taking service on NBT must take service on the E-ELEC (ELECTRIC HOME) rate schedule" }, { "id": "STATES-ca-cpuc-sgip", "title": "CPUC, Self-Generation Incentive Program", "url": "https://www.cpuc.ca.gov/industries-and-topics/electrical-energy/demand-side-management/self-generation-incentive-program", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2025-06-02", "excerpt": "Available to any low-income residential electric and/or gas customer in California." } ] } }, { "code": "CO", "name": "Colorado", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 14.92, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 5.45, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 10861.305, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 14.92, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 14.92, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 1620.5067060000001, "payback_years": 12.029031079015601, "flat_price_payback_years": 14.288406096181614, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 14.550510317856466, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 10.252976288218834 }, "incentive_summary": "Unknown: current incentives, eligibility and legacy status not verified. Unknown does not mean none exist. Places to check: the net-metering or export tariff of the utility serving the address, and the Colorado Public Utilities Commission (puc.colorado.gov).", "incentive_review": { "status": "unknown", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": null, "program_status": "Unknown — no active or legacy status verified.", "territory": "Utility and program territory not verified.", "eligibility": "Not verified; check the administering agency and the electric utility for the installation address.", "effective_date": null, "sources": [], "unresolved": "No claim-specific primary administrator record was verified for this row in this review. Do not infer that no benefits are available." } }, { "code": "CT", "name": "Connecticut", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 28.75, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 4.69, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 9346.701000000003, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 28.75, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 28.75, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 2687.1765375000004, "payback_years": 7.666862731199839, "flat_price_payback_years": 8.493909819627603, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 9.377964467504636, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 6.484380286267192 }, "incentive_summary": "Unknown: current incentives, eligibility and legacy status not verified. Unknown does not mean none exist. Places to check: the net-metering or export tariff of the utility serving the address, and the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority (portal.ct.gov/pura).", "incentive_review": { "status": "unknown", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": null, "program_status": "Unknown — no active or legacy status verified.", "territory": "Utility and program territory not verified.", "eligibility": "Not verified; check the administering agency and the electric utility for the installation address.", "effective_date": null, "sources": [], "unresolved": "No claim-specific primary administrator record was verified for this row in this review. Do not infer that no benefits are available." } }, { "code": "DC", "name": "District of Columbia", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 17.71, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 4.94, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 9844.926000000003, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 17.71, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 17.71, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 1743.5363946000007, "payback_years": 11.285170158102698, "flat_price_payback_years": 13.245903386387138, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 13.678050918514222, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 9.607556180618703 }, "incentive_summary": "Pepco Rider NEM (Page R-45, effective November 8, 2023) nets kWh usage charges only: a month’s excess kWh is credited to the next bill, and at calendar-year end generation above 100% of annual consumption is paid at the generation rate only. Solar renewable energy credits are separate, conditional income: DC Code § 34-1434(c)(3) sets the supplier compliance fee at 44 cents/kWh in 2026, falling to 10 cents from 2042, and the DC PSC reports an average SREC price of roughly 407 dollars in 2025. The fee is a ceiling, not a price. DOEE’s Solar for All is a separate route for low- to moderate-income families. Nothing here is deducted from the benchmark.", "incentive_review": { "status": "verified_scope", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": "2026-09-24", "program_status": "Active: Rider NEM Seventh Revised Page R-45 applies to usage on and after November 8, 2023; the § 34-1434(c)(3) solar compliance-fee schedule runs to 2042 and after; DOEE lists Solar for All as an operating program. Page R-45 sets no legacy or successor class.", "territory": "Pepco District of Columbia customer-generators on the schedules named in Rider NEM, including residential Schedule R. Solar credits for the DC requirement must come from systems in the District or on a distribution feeder serving it.", "eligibility": "Net metering: customer-generators meeting D.C. Code § 34-1501(15) and 1518, Pepco’s standard net metering contract and the Commission’s Order No. 15837 rules. Certificate sales: separate DC PSC certification (as-built construction drawings with each solar application) and a buyer. Solar for All: low- to moderate-income families; income limits not verified here.", "effective_date": "2023-11-08", "unresolved": "A current SREC offer for any system, the generation rate applied to a year-end surplus after May 2026, a household’s Solar for All eligibility and benefit, and tax treatment are not verified. The compliance fee caps what a buyer will pay; it does not set a price.", "sources": [ { "id": "DC-pepco-nem", "title": "Pepco District P.S.C. No. 1, Seventh Revised Page No. R-45: Rider NEM", "url": "https://www.pepco.com/cdn/assets/v3/assets/bltbb7c204688a1a6a8/blt1592c0ff5185f738/6838a59f7476148e7ae7d25a/DC_PCA_SOS_Current_Tariff_Eff_6.1.2025.pdf", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2023-11-08", "excerpt": "At the end of the calendar year (December), excess generation that exceeds 100% of the annual consumption, will be compensated at the generation rate only, per kWh." }, { "id": "DC-code-34-1434", "title": "DC Code § 34-1434(c)(3): solar compliance fee schedule", "url": "https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/34-1434", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": null, "excerpt": "Ten cents in 2042 and thereafter" }, { "id": "DC-psc-rps-report-2026", "title": "DC PSC Renewable Energy Portfolio Standards: A Report for Compliance Year 2025 (May 1, 2026)", "url": "https://dcpsc.org/PSCDC/media/PDFFiles/Reports/2026-DCPSC-Renewable-Energy-Portfolio-Standard-Report-FINAL.pdf", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": null, "excerpt": "The average SREC price was roughly $407 in 2025, well below the compliance fee of $460 per SREC shortfall." }, { "id": "DC-psc-rps-portal", "title": "DC PSC RPS Portal: solar certification application", "url": "https://dcpsc.org/RPSPortal", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": null, "excerpt": "Please be advised that As Built Construction Drawings must accompany each RPS application for solar energy systems." }, { "id": "DC-doee-sfa", "title": "DOEE Solar for All program page", "url": "https://doee.dc.gov/solarforall", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": null, "excerpt": "DOEE is partnering with organizations across the District to install solar on single family homes and develop community solar projects to benefit renters and residents in multi-family buildings." } ] } }, { "code": "DE", "name": "Delaware", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 16.57, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 4.9, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 9765.210000000001, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 16.57, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 16.57, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 1618.0952970000003, "payback_years": 12.044375139515973, "flat_price_payback_years": 14.310503478880866, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 14.568771534312049, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 10.266406401227034 }, "incentive_summary": "Unknown: current incentives, eligibility and legacy status not verified. Unknown does not mean none exist. Places to check: the net-metering or export tariff of the utility serving the address, and the Delaware Public Service Commission (depsc.delaware.gov).", "incentive_review": { "status": "unknown", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": null, "program_status": "Unknown — no active or legacy status verified.", "territory": "Utility and program territory not verified.", "eligibility": "Not verified; check the administering agency and the electric utility for the installation address.", "effective_date": null, "sources": [], "unresolved": "No claim-specific primary administrator record was verified for this row in this review. Do not infer that no benefits are available." } }, { "code": "FL", "name": "Florida", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 14.14, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 5.71, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 11379.458999999999, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 14.14, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 14.14, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 1609.0555025999997, "payback_years": 12.102305707353805, "flat_price_payback_years": 14.393930804227166, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 14.637715647159878, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 10.317110976634075 }, "incentive_summary": "Export rule, not an incentive: Florida PSC Rule 25-6.065 (amended April 7, 2008) requires investor-owned utilities to net meter customer-owned renewable generation. A month’s excess kWh is credited to the next month’s consumption; credits offset usage for up to twelve months, and unused credits are paid at the end of each calendar year, or when the customer leaves, at an average annual rate based on the utility’s COG-1 as-available energy tariff. Customer and demand charges still apply. Systems with a gross power rating of 10 kW AC or less (Tier 1; for inverter systems, DC nameplate × 0.85) pay no extra fees, including application fees, and need no utility-required liability insurance. FPL’s COG-1 prices energy from hourly avoided cost, not a fixed rate. Two statutes lower taxes on the system itself: Florida Statutes s. 212.08(7)(hh) exempts solar energy systems and their components from sales tax, and s. 193.624(2)(a) bars counting the just value attributable to a renewable energy source device, which includes photovoltaic modules and inverters, in assessing residential property; it applies to devices installed on or after January 1, 2013. No rebate is verified in this row.", "incentive_review": { "program_status": "Active rule (history: new February 11, 2002; amended April 7, 2008). FPL’s implementing sheets checked: net metering on Eighteenth Revised Sheet No. 10.010 (effective January 1, 2026) and Schedule COG-1 on Fourth Revised Sheet No. 10.100 (effective January 1, 2022). The rule text sets no legacy or successor class.", "territory": "Florida investor-owned utilities under Rule 25-6.065. FPL tariff terms checked; Duke Energy Florida and Tampa Electric sheets not retrieved. Municipal and cooperative utilities are not covered by the rule or this row.", "eligibility": "Customer-owned renewable generation on the customer’s premises, primarily intended to offset the customer’s electricity requirements, interconnected under the rule. Expedited interconnection requires a gross power rating (for inverter systems, DC nameplate × 0.85) of no more than 90% of the service rating; Tier 1 is 10 kW or less.", "effective_date": "2008-04-07", "unresolved": "The COG-1 amount for any utility and year is unknown here: FPL’s schedule buys energy at a cost based on its actual hourly avoided energy costs and prints no single cents/kWh figure (FPL gives a non-binding estimate on written request). Duke Energy Florida and Tampa Electric COG-1 terms, municipal and cooperative terms, customer qualification and any rebate are not verified. Whether a quote already leaves sales tax off exempt equipment should be checked on the invoice.", "sources": [ { "id": "STATES-fl-rule", "title": "Florida FAC Rule 25-6.065: register page, final adopted rule 5455200", "url": "https://flrules.org/gateway/RuleNo.asp?ID=25-6.065", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2008-04-07", "excerpt": "History–New 2-11-02, Amended 4-7-08." }, { "id": "STATES-fl-text", "title": "Rule 25-6.065 adopted text, (8)(e)–(g): monthly carryforward and COG-1 settlement", "url": "https://flrules.org/gateway/readFile.asp?sid=0&tid=5455200&type=1&file=25-6.065.doc", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2008-04-07", "excerpt": "At the end of each calendar year, the investor-owned utility shall pay the customer for any unused energy credits at an average annual rate based on the investor-owned utility’s COG-1, as-available energy tariff." }, { "id": "STATES-fl-tier1", "title": "Rule 25-6.065 adopted text, (4)(e) and (5)(e): Tier 1 fees and insurance", "url": "https://flrules.org/gateway/readFile.asp?sid=0&tid=5455200&type=1&file=25-6.065.doc", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2008-04-07", "excerpt": "Tier 1 customers who request interconnection of customer-owned renewable generation shall not be charged fees in addition to those charged to other retail customers without self-generation, including application fees." }, { "id": "STATES-fl-fpl-nm", "title": "FPL Eighteenth Revised Sheet No. 10.010: net metering of customer-owned renewable generation", "url": "https://www.fpl.com/content/dam/fplgp/us/en/rates/pdf/electric-tariff-section10.pdf", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2026-01-01", "excerpt": "In the last billing cycle month of each calendar year, any unused credits for excess kWh generated will be credited to the next month’s billing cycle using the average annual rate based on the Company’s COG-1, As-Available Energy Tariff." }, { "id": "STATES-fl-fpl-cog1", "title": "FPL Fourth Revised Sheet No. 10.100: Schedule COG-1, As-Available Energy", "url": "https://www.fpl.com/content/dam/fplgp/us/en/rates/pdf/electric-tariff-section10.pdf", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2022-01-01", "excerpt": "As-Available Energy is purchased at a unit cost, in cents per kilowatt-hour, based on the Company's actual hourly avoided energy costs" }, { "id": "FL-stat-212-08-hh", "title": "Florida Statutes s. 212.08(7)(hh), solar energy systems sales tax exemption (2026 Florida Statutes)", "url": "https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0200-0299/0212/Sections/0212.08.html", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": null, "excerpt": "Also exempt are solar energy systems or any component thereof." }, { "id": "FL-stat-193-624", "title": "Florida Statutes s. 193.624, assessment of renewable energy source devices (2026 Florida Statutes)", "url": "https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0100-0199/0193/Sections/0193.624.html", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2013-01-01", "excerpt": "For residential purposes, the just value of the property attributable to a renewable energy source device may not be considered." } ], "status": "verified_scope", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": "2026-09-24" } }, { "code": "GA", "name": "Georgia", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 14.08, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 5.26, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 10482.654, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 14.08, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 14.08, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 1475.9576832000002, "payback_years": 13.036482548212124, "flat_price_payback_years": 15.74429035457544, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 15.732374179989547, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 11.132269507554314 }, "incentive_summary": "Unknown: current incentives, eligibility and legacy status not verified. Unknown does not mean none exist. Places to check: the net-metering or export tariff of the utility serving the address, and the Georgia Public Service Commission (psc.ga.gov).", "incentive_review": { "status": "unknown", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": null, "program_status": "Unknown — no active or legacy status verified.", "territory": "Utility and program territory not verified.", "eligibility": "Not verified; check the administering agency and the electric utility for the installation address.", "effective_date": null, "sources": [], "unresolved": "No claim-specific primary administrator record was verified for this row in this review. Do not infer that no benefits are available." } }, { "code": "HI", "name": "Hawaii", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 42.86, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 6.16, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 12276.264000000001, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 42.86, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 42.86, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 5261.6067504, "payback_years": 4.095787184953969, "flat_price_payback_years": 4.292970421299605, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 5.059098860957277, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 3.4389974480179792 }, "incentive_summary": "Hawaiian Electric launched Smart Renewable Energy (Smart DER) on April 1, 2024, replacing earlier rooftop programs except legacy NEM. Its Smart Renewable Energy Export program publishes time-of-day export rates for 2024-2026 instead of paying the statewide retail average: daytime (9am-5pm) exports earn 13.5 cents/kWh on Oahu, 6.6 on Maui and 10.6 on Hawaii Island. Leftover export credits expire at the annual true-up. CGS, CGS Plus and Smart Export customers transition seven years after their initial contract date. Kauai (KIUC) is not covered. This row does not assess tax-credit eligibility.", "incentive_review": { "program_status": "Smart DER current program documented; NEM and named predecessor contracts are legacy, not an open-enrollment assumption.", "territory": "Hawaiian Electric: Oahu, Maui, Lanai, Molokai and Hawaii Island. Kauai is served by Kauai Island Utility Cooperative (KIUC), whose Schedule Q export terms are not covered here.", "eligibility": "The export program page identifies Schedule R, G and J customers, including time-of-use variants. Interconnection approval and customer-specific program terms remain necessary.", "effective_date": "2024-04-01", "unresolved": "Customer-specific approval, tax-credit eligibility (Act 24's statewide cap on 2026 systems, and Act 24's changes for systems placed in service in 2027 and later, which are not described here), export rates for agreements after 2026 and each household's time-of-day export mix must be checked. No incentive is automatically included in the benchmark, and the benchmark's retail value for every kWh overstates export value under the published 2024-2026 rates.", "sources": [ { "id": "HI-launch", "title": "Hawaiian Electric Smart DER launch", "url": "https://www.hawaiianelectric.com/new-framework-streamlines-choices-for-hawaiian-electric-customers-in-rooftop-solar-and-energy-storage-programs", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2024-04-01", "excerpt": "It consolidates and replaces all Hawaiian Electric’s previous rooftop solar programs except for Net Energy Metering (NEM)." }, { "id": "HI-export", "title": "Smart Renewable Energy Export: eligibility, transition and rates", "url": "https://www.hawaiianelectric.com/products-and-services/smart-renewable-energy-programs/smart-renewable-energy-export", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2024-10-01", "excerpt": "will be transitioned to the Smart Renewable Energy Export program 7 years after their initial contract date." }, { "id": "HI-export-rates", "title": "Smart Renewable Energy (SRE) - Export rates for 2024-2026: island and time-of-day table, annual true-up", "url": "https://www.hawaiianelectric.com/products-and-services/smart-renewable-energy-programs/smart-renewable-energy-export", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": null, "excerpt": "Export credits will be trued-up on an annual basis and any remaining credits left over at the end of the year expire, to the benefit of all customers." }, { "id": "HI-kiuc", "title": "Kauai Island Utility Cooperative: Rooftop Solar FAQs (Schedule Q)", "url": "https://kiuc.coop/rooftop-solar", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": null, "excerpt": "Schedule Q is the program by which KIUC pays you for the excess power you generate." } ], "status": "verified_scope", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": "2026-09-24" } }, { "code": "IA", "name": "Iowa", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 13.4, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 4.76, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 9486.204, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 13.4, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 13.4, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 1271.1513360000001, "payback_years": 14.793952782157188, "flat_price_payback_years": 18.40143064943105, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 17.783190604317156, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 12.671112576352975 }, "incentive_summary": "Unknown: current incentives, eligibility and legacy status not verified. Unknown does not mean none exist. Places to check: the net-metering or export tariff of the utility serving the address, and the Iowa Utilities Commission (iuc.iowa.gov).", "incentive_review": { "status": "unknown", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": null, "program_status": "Unknown — no active or legacy status verified.", "territory": "Utility and program territory not verified.", "eligibility": "Not verified; check the administering agency and the electric utility for the installation address.", "effective_date": null, "sources": [], "unresolved": "No claim-specific primary administrator record was verified for this row in this review. Do not infer that no benefits are available." } }, { "code": "ID", "name": "Idaho", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 11.52, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 4.98, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 9924.642, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 11.52, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 11.52, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 1143.3187584, "payback_years": 16.15840348913123, "flat_price_payback_years": 20.568402153136475, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 19.362684941691658, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 13.87241506372382 }, "incentive_summary": "Unknown: current incentives, eligibility and legacy status not verified. Unknown does not mean none exist. Places to check: the net-metering or export tariff of the utility serving the address, and the Idaho Public Utilities Commission (puc.idaho.gov).", "incentive_review": { "status": "unknown", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": null, "program_status": "Unknown — no active or legacy status verified.", "territory": "Utility and program territory not verified.", "eligibility": "Not verified; check the administering agency and the electric utility for the installation address.", "effective_date": null, "sources": [], "unresolved": "No claim-specific primary administrator record was verified for this row in this review. Do not infer that no benefits are available." } }, { "code": "IL", "name": "Illinois", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 15.87, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 4.61, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 9187.269000000002, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 15.87, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 15.87, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 1458.0195903000001, "payback_years": 13.172189798511278, "flat_price_payback_years": 15.945588980594101, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 15.893881590120317, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 11.251049259987226 }, "incentive_summary": "Illinois Shines’ program-administrator FAQ describes REC incentives paid to participating Approved Vendors. Savings may be passed to customers, but the homeowner’s contract and disclosure determine whether and how much the customer receives. The same FAQ says projects installed after January 1, 2025 in Ameren, ComEd and MidAmerican territory get supply-only net metering, with delivery charges still paid on all grid electricity. ComEd’s tariff lists a distributed-generation rebate of 300 dollars per kW DC for systems using a smart inverter with required settings. No fixed household incentive or immediate cash receipt is assumed here.", "incentive_review": { "program_status": "Program mechanism documented in the administrator’s July 2026 FAQ; 2026-27 REC prices, contract terms and the Small DG opening block are published. Capacity still open and any individual award depend on the dashboard and the project.", "territory": "Qualifying Illinois Shines projects participating through Approved Vendors; not an automatic statewide homeowner payment.", "eligibility": "Participating project approved by the program and submitted through an Approved Vendor. Check the Disclosure Form and contract for who keeps the payment.", "effective_date": null, "unresolved": "FAQ update July 2026 is not a tariff effective date. The Illinois Power Agency's final 2026-27 REC price for 0-10 kW AC distributed generation is 70.37 dollars per REC in Group A (Ameren, MidAmerican, Mt. Carmel and MISO-area cooperative and municipal territories) and 80.77 dollars in Group B (ComEd and PJM-area cooperative and municipal territories). The utility pays it to the Approved Vendor under a 15-year contract, half at energization and the rest over the following six years. A project's award, the vendor's REC count, and the share passed to the homeowner and when depend on the project and contract and are not modelled. Separately, under 35 ILCS 200/10-10 the owner of a property with a solar energy system can file a claim with the chief county assessment officer, who values the improvements both with the system and as if equipped with a conventional heating or cooling system and applies the lower value; the saving for a given home is not modelled. Export terms are known in outline. For Ameren, ComEd and MidAmerican projects installed after January 1, 2025, the Illinois Shines FAQ says net metering is supply-only, so exports there are not credited at the delivery-inclusive 15.87-cent state average used in the benchmark. The exact supply credit depends on the utility or supplier price for the billing period.", "sources": [ { "id": "STATES-old-03", "title": "Illinois Shines administrator FAQ: Incentive Payments (updated July 2026)", "url": "https://illinoisshines.com/faqs/", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": null, "excerpt": "The incentives are paid to participating AVs and savings may be passed on to customers." }, { "id": "IL-shines-net-metering", "title": "Illinois Shines FAQ: What is net metering? (Ameren, ComEd, or MidAmerican service territories)", "url": "https://illinoisshines.com/faqs/", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2025-01-01", "excerpt": "Projects installed after 1/1/2025 operate under supply-only net metering." }, { "id": "IL-comed-dg-rebate", "title": "ComEd ILL. C.C. No. 10, 1st Revised Informational Sheet No. 48: Distributed Generation Rebate Amount (Docket No. 21-0850)", "url": "https://www.comed.com/cdn/assets/v3/assets/blt3ebb3fed6084be2a/blt86ebee5fe6ed02f8/678aca912c996f726133ec1e/2025_Ratebook.pdf?branch=prod_alias", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2022-12-15", "excerpt": "Per kilowatt (kW) of nameplate generating capacity of the distributed electric renewable generating facility, measured as nominal Direct Current (DC) power output in kWs." }, { "id": "IL-shines-rec-prices-2026-27", "title": "Illinois Shines: Final 2026-27 REC Prices Applicable for the Program Year starting June 1, 2026", "url": "https://illinoisshines.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/Final-2026-27-REC-Prices-Applicable-for-the-Program-Year-starting-June-1-2026.pdf", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2026-06-01", "excerpt": "REC Pricing for 2026-27 Program Year" }, { "id": "IL-shines-guidebook-2026-27", "title": "Illinois Shines Program Guidebook, released April 17, 2026 for the 2026-27 Program Year: invoicing schedule", "url": "https://illinoisshines.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Illinois-Shines-2026-27-Program-Guidebook.pdf", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2026-06-01", "excerpt": "Small DG projects under the 2026 REC Contract have a payment structure of 50% upfront payment at Energization and the remainder ratably over the subsequent 6 years." }, { "id": "IL-35ilcs-200-10-10", "title": "35 ILCS 200/10-10, Valuation of solar energy systems", "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/Documents/legislation/ilcs/documents/003502000K10-10.htm", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": null, "excerpt": "the alternate valuation computed as the lesser of the two values ascertained under this paragraph shall be applied." }, { "id": "IL-35ilcs-200-10-5", "title": "35 ILCS 200/10-5(d), definition of solar energy system", "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/Documents/legislation/ilcs/documents/003502000K10-5.htm", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": null, "excerpt": "which uses solar energy for generating electricity that is primarily consumed on the property on which the solar energy system resides" } ], "status": "verified_scope", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": "2026-09-24" } }, { "code": "IN", "name": "Indiana", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 14.77, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 4.75, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 9466.275, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 14.77, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 14.77, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 1398.1688175, "payback_years": 13.650171024121223, "flat_price_payback_years": 16.657882249527248, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 16.451514695933625, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 11.669409307224019 }, "incentive_summary": "AES Indiana: new systems take Rider 16 Excess Distributed Generation credit, 5.4325 cents per exported kWh on the sheet effective July 27, 2026 (Cause 46258), updated each year from wholesale prices. Net metering closed to new AES systems on July 1, 2022. Other Indiana utilities' rates and any state tax or rebate program are not verified here.", "incentive_review": { "status": "verified_scope", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": "2026-09-24", "program_status": "Active: AES Indiana Rider 16 EDG (enrollment from July 1, 2022). Legacy: AES net metering (Rider 9) is closed to new systems; AES states that systems installed before January 1, 2018 may receive net-metering credits until July 1, 2047, and systems installed from January 1, 2018 to before July 1, 2022 until July 1, 2032.", "territory": "AES Indiana (Indianapolis Power & Light Company) service territory only. NIPSCO, Duke Energy Indiana, Indiana Michigan Power, CenterPoint, rural cooperatives and municipal utilities are not covered by this row.", "eligibility": "Customer-owned generator on the customer's premises, no larger than the lesser of 1 MW or the premises' average annual consumption, interconnected under AES standards and not operating under Rider 9 net metering (Rider 16, citing IC 8-1-40-3).", "effective_date": "2026-07-27 (current Rider 16 rate sheet); Rider 16 enrollment from 2022-07-01", "sources": [ { "id": "IN-aes-rider16-2026", "title": "AES Indiana Standard Contract Rider No. 16 EDG, I.U.R.C. No. E-20 Original No. 172.2 (Cause 46258)", "url": "https://www.aesindiana.com/sites/aesvault.com/files/2026-07/Rider-16-EDG-46258-Effective-07-27-26.pdf", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2026-07-27", "excerpt": "5.4325¢ per KWH recorded on meter Channel 2." }, { "id": "IN-iurc-45504-order", "title": "IURC order in Cause 45504 (AES Indiana EDG), January 26, 2022 (date per file name ord_45504_012622)", "url": "https://www.in.gov/iurc/files/ord_45504_012622.pdf", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2022-07-01", "excerpt": "net metering tariff will remain available until July 1, 2022" }, { "id": "IN-aes-solar-faq", "title": "AES Indiana solar FAQs (legacy net-metering dates)", "url": "https://www.aesindiana.com/solar-faqs", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": null, "excerpt": "Eligible distributed generation systems after 6/30/2022 will not be eligible for net metering but will be eligible for Rate EDG" } ], "unresolved": "Other Indiana utilities' current EDG rates, any state tax or rebate program, and the next annual AES update are not verified here. The EDG rate changes every year with wholesale prices. AES's FAQ page still shows the superseded 3.935-cent rate; the tariff sheet governs." } }, { "code": "KS", "name": "Kansas", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 14.15, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 5.25, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 10462.725, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 14.15, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 14.15, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 1480.4755875000003, "payback_years": 13.002821633131163, "flat_price_payback_years": 15.694360111781556, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 15.692313776397445, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 11.102807300110214 }, "incentive_summary": "Unknown: current incentives, eligibility and legacy status not verified. Unknown does not mean none exist. Places to check: the net-metering or export tariff of the utility serving the address, and the Kansas Corporation Commission (kcc.ks.gov).", "incentive_review": { "status": "unknown", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": null, "program_status": "Unknown — no active or legacy status verified.", "territory": "Utility and program territory not verified.", "eligibility": "Not verified; check the administering agency and the electric utility for the installation address.", "effective_date": null, "sources": [], "unresolved": "No claim-specific primary administrator record was verified for this row in this review. Do not infer that no benefits are available." } }, { "code": "KY", "name": "Kentucky", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 12.79, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 4.83, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 9625.707000000002, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 12.79, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 12.79, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 1231.1279253000002, "payback_years": 15.195370302315574, "flat_price_payback_years": 19.028542581324537, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 18.248795602449878, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 13.026060877245524 }, "incentive_summary": "LG&E and KU: systems in service on or after September 24, 2021 take Rider NMS-2, a dollar bill credit of 7.089 cents (LG&E) or 7.534 cents (KU) per exported kWh, applied only to energy charges (sheets effective February 16, 2026). Kentucky Power: Tariff N.M.S. II credits a residential customer's excess generation accumulated for the billing period at 9.746 cents/kWh (sheet effective March 1, 2026, Case 2025-00257); systems in service before May 15, 2021 may stay on the original Tariff N.M.S. until May 14, 2046 at the latest. Duke Energy Kentucky, cooperatives, TVA-served distributors and any state tax or rebate program are not verified here.", "incentive_review": { "status": "verified_scope", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": "2026-09-24", "program_status": "Active: LG&E and KU Rider NMS-2 for facilities first in service on or after September 24, 2021. Legacy: NMS-1 kWh credits continue for earlier systems, and the utilities state that adding capacity or modifying an NMS-1 system moves it to NMS-2. Kentucky Power: Tariff N.M.S. II in effect (sheet effective March 1, 2026); systems in service before May 15, 2021 may continue under Tariff N.M.S. until the earlier of May 14, 2046 or a modification that materially increases capacity.", "territory": "LG&E, KU and Kentucky Power service territories. Duke Energy Kentucky, rural cooperatives and TVA-served distributors are not covered by this row.", "eligibility": "Customer-generator owning and operating a solar, wind, biomass/biogas or hydro facility on the premises, in parallel with the utility, with a maximum rated capacity of 45 kW (Rider NMS-2, Sheet No. 58). Kentucky Power N.M.S. II: customer-owned and operated solar, wind, biomass/biogas or hydro facility on the premises of no more than 45 kW, primarily supplying the customer's own use; N.M.S. II customers cannot use the Equal Payment Plan or Average Monthly Payment Plan.", "effective_date": "2026-02-16 (current LG&E/KU NMS-2 sheets, Cases 2025-00113 and 2025-00114); 2026-03-01 (Kentucky Power N.M.S. II, Case 2025-00257); credit values first approved 2024-08-30 in Case 2023-00404", "sources": [ { "id": "KY-lge-nms2-2026", "title": "LG&E P.S.C. Electric No. 14, Original Sheet No. 58, Rider NMS-2 (Case 2025-00114)", "url": "https://psc.ky.gov/tariffs/Electric/Louisville%20Gas%20and%20Electric%20Company/Tariff.pdf", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2026-02-16", "excerpt": "Dollar-denominated bill credit: $0.07089 per kWh" }, { "id": "KY-ku-nms2-2026", "title": "KU P.S.C. No. 21, Original Sheet No. 58, Rider NMS-2 (Case 2025-00113)", "url": "https://psc.ky.gov/tariffs/Electric/Kentucky%20Utilities%20Company/Tariff.pdf", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2026-02-16", "excerpt": "Dollar-denominated bill credit: $0.07534 per kWh" }, { "id": "KY-psc-2023-00404", "title": "Kentucky PSC order in Case 2023-00404, August 30, 2024, Appendices A (KU) and B (LG&E)", "url": "https://psc.ky.gov/pscscf/2023%20Cases/2023-00404/20240830_PSC_ORDER.pdf", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2024-08-30", "excerpt": "All excess customer generation, accumulated for the billing period, shall be credited for each month" }, { "id": "KY-lgeku-net-metering-page", "title": "LG&E and KU net metering page (NMS-1, NMS-2, system upgrades)", "url": "https://lge-ku.com/net-metering", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2021-09-24", "excerpt": "Customers who take service under Rider NMS-1 and subsequently add capacity or modify their systems will be switched to Rider NMS-2." }, { "id": "KY-kypower-nms2-2026", "title": "Kentucky Power P.S.C. KY. No. 14, Original Sheet Nos. 18-1 (N.M.S.) and 19-1 to 19-2 (N.M.S. II) (Case 2025-00257)", "url": "https://psc.ky.gov/tariffs/Electric/Kentucky%20Power%20Company/Tariff.pdf", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2026-03-01", "excerpt": "shall be credited at the avoided cost rate of 0.09746 $/kWh for Residential service" } ], "unresolved": "Credit values for utilities other than LG&E, KU and Kentucky Power, the length of Kentucky Power's netting period (its sheet does not define it), any state tax or rebate program, and future changes to the NMS-2 credit are not verified here. The credit offsets energy charges only, not the daily Basic Service Charge." } }, { "code": "LA", "name": "Louisiana", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 11.73, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 5.3, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 10562.37, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 11.73, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 11.73, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 1238.966001, "payback_years": 15.11571946990302, "flat_price_payback_years": 18.902426295491402, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 18.156300355650895, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 12.955260504387583 }, "incentive_summary": "Solar exports from systems installed after 2019 are credited at each utility's avoided cost; energy used on site offsets full-price purchases (LPSC General Order 09-19-2019). Entergy Louisiana's rate is 3.86407 cents/kWh from April 1, 2026 (Rider DG Attachment A; LPSC 2026 table). Cleco Power is 3.854 cents and SWEPCO 3.656 cents on the same table. Entergy Louisiana systems installed by December 31, 2019 keep legacy net metering through December 31, 2034.", "incentive_review": { "status": "verified_scope", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": "2026-09-24", "program_status": "Active: LPSC Distributed Generation Rules (General Order 09-19-2019, Docket R-33929) for systems installed or applied for after December 31, 2019; rates are updated each year. Legacy: Entergy Louisiana systems installed by December 31, 2019 stay on Rider NM through December 31, 2034 unless materially modified.", "territory": "LPSC-regulated utilities, each at its own listed rate (Entergy Louisiana, Cleco Power, SWEPCO and the listed cooperatives). Not Entergy New Orleans, which Entergy says these rules do not affect.", "eligibility": "Entergy Louisiana Rider DG: residential customers on RS-L or RS-G with on-site generation of no more than 25 kW, sized to offset up to 100% of their use; imports and exports are billed on separate meter channels; one-time 100-dollar meter installation charge.", "effective_date": "2026-04-01", "sources": [ { "id": "LA-ell-rider-dg", "title": "Entergy Louisiana Rider Schedule DG, Attachment A (effective April 1, 2026)", "url": "https://www.entergylouisiana.com/wp-content/uploads/ell_elec_dg.pdf", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2026-04-01", "excerpt": "Avoided Cost Rate $0.0386407 per kWh" }, { "id": "LA-lpsc-avoided-2026", "title": "LPSC 2026 Avoided Cost Rate by Electric Utility", "url": "https://www.lpsc.louisiana.gov/docs/utilities/Avoided-Cost-Rates-2026.docx", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2026-04-01", "excerpt": "Entergy Louisiana, LLC $0.0386407 per kWh Effective April 1, 2026" }, { "id": "LA-ell-net-metering", "title": "Entergy Louisiana net metering and distributed generation page", "url": "https://www.entergylouisiana.com/net-metering", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": null, "excerpt": "The grandfathering period for all eligible systems will continue until Dec. 31, 2034, even if the property is sold." }, { "id": "LA-lpsc-go-2019", "title": "LPSC General Order 09-19-2019 (Docket R-33929)", "url": "https://www.lpsc.louisiana.gov/docs/orders/GO-09-19-2019.pdf", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": null, "excerpt": "Docket No. R-33929, In re: Review of Policies Related to Customer-Owned Solar Generation" } ], "unresolved": "State tax credits, rebates and utility programs were not checked. For Cleco, SWEPCO and the cooperatives only the 2026 avoided-cost rate was read; their rider billing terms, fees and size limits were not. Entergy's own web page still shows the superseded April 1, 2025 rate of 2.59331 cents." } }, { "code": "MA", "name": "Massachusetts", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 29.35, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 4.72, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 9406.488000000001, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 29.35, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 29.35, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 2760.804228000001, "payback_years": 7.479650056548657, "flat_price_payback_years": 8.262504818793655, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 9.15515961249568, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 6.324492861586972 }, "incentive_summary": "SMART 3.0 pays a flat incentive for systems of 25 kW AC or less: 3 cents/kWh in 2026, or 6 cents for qualifying low-income customers, fixed for 20 years (MassCEC guide, June 10, 2026; National Grid tariff M.D.P.U. 1644, effective July 1, 2026). It is open to Eversource, National Grid and Unitil customers, not homes served by a municipal light plant. SMART 3.0 is the 2025 update of the program that began in November 2018. Separately, M.G.L. c.62 §6(d) allows a state income-tax credit of 15% of net cost, capped at 1,000 dollars, for a principal residence.", "incentive_review": { "program_status": "Active: SMART 3.0, for systems with a DOER Final Statement of Qualification on or after October 15, 2025; 2026 program-year applications opened January 1, 2026. Legacy: the original SMART program launched in November 2018.", "territory": "Eversource, National Grid and Unitil customers; homes served by a municipal light plant are not eligible. The payment tariff is verified for National Grid (Massachusetts Electric and Nantucket Electric) only.", "eligibility": "Flat rate for systems of 25 kW AC or less. The MassCEC guide says residents are eligible if they have not previously received incentives under SMART or the Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) and started on-site construction of a solar system on or after June 20, 2025. Joining assigns the system's RECs to the utility for the participation term. Tax credit: owner or tenant living in the home as a principal residence; unused credit carries over three years.", "effective_date": "2026-07-01", "unresolved": "Eversource and Unitil SMART 3.0 payment tariffs were not checked. MassCEC says payments need a DPU-approved payment mechanism; no approval order was located, so confirm the payment start date with your utility. Remaining program-year capacity and any individual award are unknown.", "sources": [ { "id": "MA-ngrid-1644", "title": "National Grid M.D.P.U. 1644, SMART 3.0 provision, Appendix A (effective July 1, 2026)", "url": "https://www.nationalgridus.com/media/pdfs/billing-payments/tariffs/mae/2026/m.d.p.u_smart_3_provision.pdf", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2026-07-01", "excerpt": "≤ 25 kW AC $0.0300* $0.0300*" }, { "id": "MA-masscec-guide", "title": "MassCEC guide to SMART 3.0 (June 10, 2026)", "url": "https://www.masscec.com/blog/unlocking-solar-incentives-your-guide-massachusetts-smart-30-program", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": null, "excerpt": "In 2026, the base incentive rate is $0.03 per kilowatt-hour (kWh). Low-income qualified customers will receive a higher rate of $0.06 per kWh." }, { "id": "MA-mgl-62-6d", "title": "M.G.L. c.62 §6(d), residential renewable energy income-tax credit", "url": "https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleIX/Chapter62/Section6", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": null, "excerpt": "a credit equal to fifteen per cent of the net expenditure for a renewable energy source property or one thousand dollars, whichever is lesser" } ], "status": "verified_scope", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": "2026-09-24" } }, { "code": "MD", "name": "Maryland", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 17.86, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 4.89, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 9745.280999999999, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 17.86, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 17.86, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 1740.5071865999996, "payback_years": 11.302239112392465, "flat_price_payback_years": 13.26976886924438, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 13.698364959178253, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 9.622496032103117 }, "incentive_summary": "Unknown: current incentives, eligibility and legacy status not verified. Unknown does not mean none exist. Places to check: the net-metering or export tariff of the utility serving the address, and the Maryland Public Service Commission (psc.maryland.gov).", "incentive_review": { "status": "unknown", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": null, "program_status": "Unknown — no active or legacy status verified.", "territory": "Utility and program territory not verified.", "eligibility": "Not verified; check the administering agency and the electric utility for the installation address.", "effective_date": null, "sources": [], "unresolved": "No claim-specific primary administrator record was verified for this row in this review. Do not infer that no benefits are available." } }, { "code": "ME", "name": "Maine", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 24.29, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 4.53, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 9027.837, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 24.29, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 24.29, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 2192.8616073, "payback_years": 9.213682304754292, "flat_price_payback_years": 10.45945153546954, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 11.225055873474211, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 7.815567364707878 }, "incentive_summary": "Unknown: current incentives, eligibility and legacy status not verified. Unknown does not mean none exist. Places to check: the net-metering or export tariff of the utility serving the address, and the Maine Public Utilities Commission (maine.gov/mpuc).", "incentive_review": { "status": "unknown", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": null, "program_status": "Unknown — no active or legacy status verified.", "territory": "Utility and program territory not verified.", "eligibility": "Not verified; check the administering agency and the electric utility for the installation address.", "effective_date": null, "sources": [], "unresolved": "No claim-specific primary administrator record was verified for this row in this review. Do not infer that no benefits are available." } }, { "code": "MI", "name": "Michigan", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 19.3, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 4.4, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 8768.760000000002, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 19.3, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 19.3, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 1692.3706800000004, "payback_years": 11.581678688612639, "flat_price_payback_years": 13.660475898081884, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 14.030180565661139, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 9.867079601589802 }, "incentive_summary": "Export credit: DTE and Consumers bill grid electricity at the retail rate and credit exported electricity (outflow) at a lower, rate-schedule-specific power-supply credit plus a PSCR factor. DTE Rider 18 lists 8.765¢/kWh for the first 17 kWh a day on residential D1 (Sheet D-115.00, effective February 6, 2025). Consumers C11.3 lists 8.2996¢ to 15.1904¢ on residential RSP by season and period (Sheet C-64.30, effective May 1, 2026). Program size: Public Act 235 (effective February 27, 2024) limits each utility's distributed-generation program to 10% of its average five-year in-state peak load, with at least half reserved for systems under 20 kW; revised DTE (U-21798) and Consumers (U-21796) tariffs were approved March 13, 2025.", "incentive_review": { "program_status": "Open: DTE Rider 18 and Consumers C11.3 distributed-generation programs, capacity-limited to 10% of peak load. Closed to new customers: legacy net metering (DTE since May 9, 2019, per Rider 18; the Consumers Energy closing date is not verified here). Under MCL 460.1183(1), a legacy customer may elect to continue under the old program for up to 10 years from the date of enrollment.", "territory": "Michigan MPSC-regulated electric-utility programs; this record does not establish municipal or cooperative utility terms.", "eligibility": "An eligible generator is limited to 110% of the customer’s electricity consumption over the prior 12 months and 550 kW per site; at least 50% of program capacity is reserved for systems under 20 kW. Interconnection and tariff selection need utility confirmation.", "effective_date": "2024-02-27 PA 235; tariff approvals 2025-03-13; DTE outflow-credit sheet 2025-02-06; Consumers outflow-credit sheet 2026-05-01", "unresolved": "The PSCR factor in a given month, remaining program capacity and each customer’s legacy enrollment date remain unknown here. Program capacity is not promised.", "sources": [ { "id": "MI-dte-rider18", "title": "DTE Electric Rider 18, Sheets D-112.00 to D-115.00 (MPSC-posted rate book)", "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/mpsc/-/media/Project/Websites/mpsc/consumer/rate-books/electric/dte/dtee1curd1throughend.pdf", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2025-03-13 program terms (U-21798); 2025-02-06 outflow credits (U-21534)", "excerpt": "Customers will be credited for each kWh of Outflow according to the power supply rates shown below, plus the PSCR factor." }, { "id": "MI-consumers-c113", "title": "Consumers Energy C11.3 Distributed Generation Program, Sheets C-64.10 to C-64.30 (MPSC-posted rate book)", "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/mpsc/-/media/Project/Websites/mpsc/consumer/rate-books/electric/consumers/Consumers_14_current_A_B_C.pdf", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2025-03-14 program terms (U-21796); 2026-05-01 outflow credits (U-21870)", "excerpt": "Customers will be credited per kWh or per kW of Outflow based on the power supply rates (which include transmission costs) of their Full Service Rate Schedule" }, { "id": "MI-dg", "title": "MPSC Act 235 implementation and DG tariff dockets", "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/mpsc/commission/workgroups/2023-energy-legislation/distributed-generation-and-interconnection", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2024-02-27; tariff approvals 2025-03-13", "excerpt": "Public Act 235 increases the Distributed Generation (DG) program cap from 1% to 10%" }, { "id": "MI-mcl-460-1183", "title": "MCL 460.1183 (Clean and Renewable Energy and Energy Waste Reduction Act, sec. 183)", "url": "https://legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-460-1183", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "Act 295 of 2008 as amended; section text retrieved 2026-09-24", "excerpt": "may elect to continue to receive service under the terms and conditions of that program for up to 10 years from the date of enrollment." } ], "status": "verified_scope", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": "2026-09-24" } }, { "code": "MN", "name": "Minnesota", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 15.45, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 4.59, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 9147.411, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 15.45, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 15.45, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 1413.2749995, "payback_years": 13.525710257500872, "flat_price_payback_years": 16.472338148847584, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 16.306983509295005, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 11.56047320385307 }, "incentive_summary": "Unknown: current incentives, eligibility and legacy status not verified. Unknown does not mean none exist. Places to check: the net-metering or export tariff of the utility serving the address, and the Minnesota Public Utilities Commission (mn.gov/puc).", "incentive_review": { "status": "unknown", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": null, "program_status": "Unknown — no active or legacy status verified.", "territory": "Utility and program territory not verified.", "eligibility": "Not verified; check the administering agency and the electric utility for the installation address.", "effective_date": null, "sources": [], "unresolved": "No claim-specific primary administrator record was verified for this row in this review. Do not infer that no benefits are available." } }, { "code": "MO", "name": "Missouri", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 12.91, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 4.93, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 9824.997, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 12.91, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 12.91, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 1268.4071126999997, "payback_years": 14.820990327606783, "flat_price_payback_years": 18.443155624454015, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 17.814588197580786, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 12.694777582812224 }, "incentive_summary": "Unknown: current incentives, eligibility and legacy status not verified. Unknown does not mean none exist. Places to check: the net-metering or export tariff of the utility serving the address, and the Missouri Public Service Commission (psc.mo.gov).", "incentive_review": { "status": "unknown", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": null, "program_status": "Unknown — no active or legacy status verified.", "territory": "Utility and program territory not verified.", "eligibility": "Not verified; check the administering agency and the electric utility for the installation address.", "effective_date": null, "sources": [], "unresolved": "No claim-specific primary administrator record was verified for this row in this review. Do not infer that no benefits are available." } }, { "code": "MS", "name": "Mississippi", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 13.39, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 5.2, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 10363.08, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 13.39, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 13.39, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 1387.616412, "payback_years": 13.738720598727179, "flat_price_payback_years": 16.789890525162782, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 16.554343687283026, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 11.746913615406147 }, "incentive_summary": "Unknown: current incentives, eligibility and legacy status not verified. Unknown does not mean none exist. Places to check: the net-metering or export tariff of the utility serving the address, and the Mississippi Public Service Commission (psc.ms.gov).", "incentive_review": { "status": "unknown", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": null, "program_status": "Unknown — no active or legacy status verified.", "territory": "Utility and program territory not verified.", "eligibility": "Not verified; check the administering agency and the electric utility for the installation address.", "effective_date": null, "sources": [], "unresolved": "No claim-specific primary administrator record was verified for this row in this review. Do not infer that no benefits are available." } }, { "code": "MT", "name": "Montana", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 12.66, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 4.71, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 9386.559, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 12.66, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 12.66, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 1188.3383694, "payback_years": 15.64872478394861, "flat_price_payback_years": 19.749158681321344, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 18.775257579003753, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 13.42286600721476 }, "incentive_summary": "Unknown: current incentives, eligibility and legacy status not verified. Unknown does not mean none exist. Places to check: the net-metering or export tariff of the utility serving the address, and the Montana Public Service Commission (psc.mt.gov).", "incentive_review": { "status": "unknown", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": null, "program_status": "Unknown — no active or legacy status verified.", "territory": "Utility and program territory not verified.", "eligibility": "Not verified; check the administering agency and the electric utility for the installation address.", "effective_date": null, "sources": [], "unresolved": "No claim-specific primary administrator record was verified for this row in this review. Do not infer that no benefits are available." } }, { "code": "NC", "name": "North Carolina", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 14.13, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 5.26, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 10482.654, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 14.13, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 14.13, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 1481.1990102000002, "payback_years": 12.997387454195126, "flat_price_payback_years": 15.686393396878904, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 15.685921862470234, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 11.098106401537006 }, "incentive_summary": "Duke’s Net Metering Bridge (Rider NMB) closes to new participants on and after January 1, 2027, and sooner in practice once a utility’s 2026 annual capacity is used: 43,500 kW AC at Duke Energy Progress (Leaf 605, E-2, Sub 1396, effective April 1, 2026) and 38,700 kW AC at Duke Energy Carolinas (Leaf 143, E-7, Sub 1333, effective September 1, 2026). Remaining capacity is unknown. Bridge nets energy by billing month and credits monthly net excess at 3.94¢/kWh (DEP) or 4.53¢/kWh (DEC). Applicants after the capacity is met take Residential Solar Choice (RSC), which requires a time-of-use rate with critical peak pricing and credits net exports at the utility's avoided cost each month; Bridge does not require that rate. A Bridge customer can stay on it for up to 15 calendar years from the interconnection application. Both riders add a monthly minimum bill; under Bridge it applies to the customer and distribution part of the bill and is 28 dollars at DEP and 22 dollars at DEC. Legacy Rider NM closed to new customers September 30, 2023; existing NM customers can stay on it until December 31, 2026, then move to NMB automatically. Separately, North Carolina excludes 80% of the appraised value of a solar energy electric system from property tax (G.S. 105-275(45)).", "incentive_review": { "program_status": "Open until the 2026 capacity is used, and closed to new participants from 2027-01-01: DEP and DEC Rider NMB. Open: Rider RSC. Closed to new customers: legacy Rider NM, whose existing customers transition to NMB at 2026-12-31.", "territory": "Duke Energy Progress and Duke Energy Carolinas residential customers in North Carolina; not a finding about cooperative, municipal or other utility programs.", "eligibility": "Residential customer with a valid interconnection application; the system must not exceed the home’s estimated maximum monthly demand or 20 kW AC, whichever is less. Bridge capacity is first-come, first-served and reserved when a valid interconnection application is submitted. RSC requires service on a time-of-use rate with critical peak pricing; Bridge does not.", "effective_date": "2023-10-01 successor riders; DEP NMB Leaf 605 2026-04-01; DEC NMB Leaf 143 2026-09-01; NMB closes to new participants 2027-01-01; legacy NM transition 2026-12-31", "unresolved": "Remaining 2026 Bridge capacity at either utility, a household’s monthly net excess, RSC credit values and RSC minimum-bill amounts, and the property-tax saving for a given home are not established here.", "sources": [ { "id": "NC-dep-nmb-605", "title": "Duke Energy Progress Rider NMB, NC Fourth Revised Leaf No. 605", "url": "https://www.duke-energy.com/-/media/pdfs/for-your-home/rates/dep-nc/leaf-no-669-rider-nmb-ry1.pdf", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2026-04-01 (E-2, Sub 1396, order 2026-03-16)", "excerpt": "This Rider will be closed to new participants on and after January 1, 2027." }, { "id": "NC-dec-nmb-143", "title": "Duke Energy Carolinas Rider NMB, NC Sixth Revised Leaf No. 143", "url": "https://www.duke-energy.com/-/media/pdfs/for-your-home/rates/electric-nc/ncridernmb.pdf", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2026-09-01 (E-7, Sub 1333, order 2026-08-11)", "excerpt": "A customer who applies after the Annual Capacity is met must either (a) withdraw the application and submit it again in a subsequent year, or (b) receive service under Residential Solar Choice Rider RSC and an eligible rate schedule." }, { "id": "STATES-nc-staff", "title": "NC Public Staff: E-100 Sub 180 residential rider transition", "url": "https://publicstaff.nc.gov/electric/net-metering", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2023-10-01", "excerpt": "The current residential net metering rider (Rider NM) is closed to new customers as of September 30, 2023." }, { "id": "NC-staff-minimum-bill", "title": "NC Public Staff: RSC and NMB minimum bill, time-of-use requirement and Bridge term", "url": "https://publicstaff.nc.gov/electric/net-metering", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2023-10-01", "excerpt": "Customers can stay on this rider for up to 15 years from the date of their interconnection request application" }, { "id": "NC-gs-105-275-45", "title": "N.C. General Statutes 105-275(45), property classified and excluded from the tax base", "url": "https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/BySection/Chapter_105/GS_105-275.html", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": null, "excerpt": "Eighty percent (80%) of the appraised value of a solar energy electric system." } ], "status": "verified_scope", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": "2026-09-24" } }, { "code": "ND", "name": "North Dakota", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 11.51, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 4.62, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 9207.198, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 11.51, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 11.51, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 1059.7484898, "payback_years": 17.19670859186643, "flat_price_payback_years": 22.28415876781534, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 20.56018204968707, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 14.788578851656089 }, "incentive_summary": "Unknown: current incentives, eligibility and legacy status not verified. Unknown does not mean none exist. Places to check: the net-metering or export tariff of the utility serving the address, and the North Dakota Public Service Commission (psc.nd.gov).", "incentive_review": { "status": "unknown", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": null, "program_status": "Unknown — no active or legacy status verified.", "territory": "Utility and program territory not verified.", "eligibility": "Not verified; check the administering agency and the electric utility for the installation address.", "effective_date": null, "sources": [], "unresolved": "No claim-specific primary administrator record was verified for this row in this review. Do not infer that no benefits are available." } }, { "code": "NE", "name": "Nebraska", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 11.53, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 5.03, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 10024.287, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 11.53, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 11.53, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 1155.8002911, "payback_years": 16.01554668788632, "flat_price_payback_years": 20.33451617076277, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 19.19679119409562, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 13.744270380520073 }, "incentive_summary": "Unknown: current incentives, eligibility and legacy status not verified. Unknown does not mean none exist. Place to check: the net-metering terms of the utility serving the address. The Nebraska Public Service Commission (psc.nebraska.gov) notes “limited regulatory oversight related to … the construction of high-voltage electric transmission lines”.", "incentive_review": { "status": "unknown", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": null, "program_status": "Unknown — no active or legacy status verified.", "territory": "Utility and program territory not verified.", "eligibility": "Not verified; check the administering agency and the electric utility for the installation address.", "effective_date": null, "sources": [], "unresolved": "No claim-specific primary administrator record was verified for this row in this review. Do not infer that no benefits are available." } }, { "code": "NH", "name": "New Hampshire", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 23.4, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 4.57, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 9107.553, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 23.4, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 23.4, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 2131.167402, "payback_years": 9.450776463789389, "flat_price_payback_years": 10.770360179440937, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 11.5072254959408, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 8.022527676705874 }, "incentive_summary": "Unknown: current incentives, eligibility and legacy status not verified. Unknown does not mean none exist. Places to check: the net-metering or export tariff of the utility serving the address.", "incentive_review": { "status": "unknown", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": null, "program_status": "Unknown — no active or legacy status verified.", "territory": "Utility and program territory not verified.", "eligibility": "Not verified; check the administering agency and the electric utility for the installation address.", "effective_date": null, "sources": [], "unresolved": "No claim-specific primary administrator record was verified for this row in this review. Do not infer that no benefits are available." } }, { "code": "NJ", "name": "New Jersey", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 19.34, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 4.87, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 9705.423, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 19.34, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 19.34, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 1877.0288082, "payback_years": 10.577431865564222, "flat_price_payback_years": 12.274329971004247, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 12.844175874787412, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 8.99699313298705 }, "incentive_summary": "Residential ADI SREC-II incentive: 77 USD/MWh for registrations received on or after July 27, 2026 (85 USD/MWh for earlier registrations that were complete, or cured within 7 business days), set by NJBPU Docket Nos. QO20020184 / QO26030096, order dated May 21, 2026 (effective May 28, 2026). It is paid on production over time, not as an upfront rebate. The Energy Year 2027 net-metered residential block is 300 MW, open until fully subscribed or June 1, 2027, whichever comes first; remaining capacity and a household award are not verified here.", "incentive_review": { "program_status": "Active: the Energy Year 2027 ADI net-metered residential block (300 MW, all sizes) accepts registrations first come, first served until fully subscribed or June 1, 2027. Registrations received on or after July 27, 2026 qualify for 77 USD/MWh; earlier registrations keep 85 USD/MWh, except that those processed on or after July 27, 2026 lose it if minor issues are not cured within 7 business days, and are rejected if they have major issues.", "territory": "New Jersey ADI eligible net-metered residential projects; different program segments have different requirements and values.", "eligibility": "Eligible net-metered residential project with ADI registration and program acceptance. When a block is fully subscribed the registration portal closes for that segment and there is no waiting list; current remaining capacity is posted on the ADI portal and is not verified here.", "effective_date": "2026-07-27 residential incentive tier; order dated 2026-05-21, effective 2026-05-28", "unresolved": "Remaining EY2027 residential capacity, a household award, payment timing and the tax treatment of certificate income are not established. Do not subtract the full incentive stream upfront.", "sources": [ { "id": "STATES-nj-order", "title": "NJBPU order, Docket Nos. QO20020184 / QO26030096, dated May 21, 2026 (ADI three-year review)", "url": "https://cleanenergy.nj.gov/files/d0qy0d77/production/8cc6d326576ca24405747f24943bfeeb46949e21.pdf", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2026-05-28", "excerpt": "reduce the incentive level for the residential market segment by $8 per MWh, from $85 per MWh to $77 per MWh, for all registrations received on or after July 27, 2026" }, { "id": "STATES-nj-adi", "title": "NJ Clean Energy ADI Incentive Values and EY2027 program update", "url": "https://cleanenergy.nj.gov/programs/solar/administratively-determined-incentive-adi-program", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2026-07-27", "excerpt": "until the MW block for that market segment is fully subscribed or June 1, 2027, whichever occurs first" } ], "status": "verified_scope", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": "2026-09-24" } }, { "code": "NM", "name": "New Mexico", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 14.2, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 6.37, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 12694.773000000001, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 14.2, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 14.2, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 1802.657766, "payback_years": 10.962612646505164, "flat_price_payback_years": 12.79719632338433, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 13.295248864979275, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 9.32602647796992 }, "incentive_summary": "Unknown: current incentives, eligibility and legacy status not verified. Unknown does not mean none exist. Places to check: the net-metering or export tariff of the utility serving the address, and the New Mexico Public Regulation Commission (prc.nm.gov).", "incentive_review": { "status": "unknown", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": null, "program_status": "Unknown — no active or legacy status verified.", "territory": "Utility and program territory not verified.", "eligibility": "Not verified; check the administering agency and the electric utility for the installation address.", "effective_date": null, "sources": [], "unresolved": "No claim-specific primary administrator record was verified for this row in this review. Do not infer that no benefits are available." } }, { "code": "NV", "name": "Nevada", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 15, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 6.53, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 13013.637000000002, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 15, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 15, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 1952.0455500000003, "payback_years": 10.218640258202235, "flat_price_payback_years": 11.78834935843066, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 12.417172135827622, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 8.682955539538524 }, "incentive_summary": "Unknown: current incentives, eligibility and legacy status not verified. Unknown does not mean none exist. Places to check: the net-metering or export tariff of the utility serving the address, and the Public Utilities Commission of Nevada (puc.nv.gov).", "incentive_review": { "status": "unknown", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": null, "program_status": "Unknown — no active or legacy status verified.", "territory": "Utility and program territory not verified.", "eligibility": "Not verified; check the administering agency and the electric utility for the installation address.", "effective_date": null, "sources": [], "unresolved": "No claim-specific primary administrator record was verified for this row in this review. Do not infer that no benefits are available." } }, { "code": "NY", "name": "New York", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 24.43, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 4.59, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 9147.411, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 24.43, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 24.43, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 2234.7125072999997, "payback_years": 9.060299318991255, "flat_price_payback_years": 10.258315850364747, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 11.042512282515698, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 7.681316666707641 }, "incentive_summary": "New York State solar energy system equipment credit (Form IT-255): 25% of qualified expenditures for equipment at the taxpayer's principal residence, limited to 5,000 USD, not refundable, with unused credit carried forward up to five years (IT-255-I, 2025). NY-Sun residential incentives are paid to the participating contractor and must be reflected in the customer agreement. Affordable Solar (a total of 0.80 USD/W in the Con Edison and Upstate regions, 0.40 USD/W on Long Island) is available for projects serving households that qualify as low-to-moderate income, and like other NY-Sun residential incentives it is paid to the contractor. Systems interconnected on or after January 1, 2022 pay a monthly customer benefit contribution per kW DC.", "incentive_review": { "status": "verified_scope", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": "2026-09-24", "program_status": "IT-255 credit: described in the 2025 instructions posted as the current form. NY-Sun: the Con Edison dashboard lists residential blocks from January 1, 2014 to May 29, 2025 as historic rates (last block closed 05/29/2025); Upstate Residential Block 14 is limited to NYSEG, RG&E and National Grid territories. Current block rates and remaining capacity are in the dashboards' charts and were not verified.", "territory": "IT-255: equipment installed and used at the taxpayer's principal residence in New York State. NY-Sun: Con Edison, Upstate and Long Island regional blocks. CBC: residential and small-commercial PV interconnected on or after 2022-01-01; not earlier systems or community solar.", "eligibility": "IT-255 requires a net energy metering contract or compliance with the utility's net-metering schedule; purchase, lease and power-purchase agreement rules differ, and a nonrefundable credit is usable only against tax liability. NY-Sun awards go to participating contractors by block, first come, first served, after approval; Affordable Solar requires low-to-moderate-income eligibility.", "effective_date": "IT-255-I (2025) instructions; CBC applies to interconnections on or after 2022-01-01", "sources": [ { "id": "STATES-ny-it255i", "title": "New York IT-255-I (2025), Claim for Solar Energy System Equipment Credit instructions", "url": "https://www.tax.ny.gov/pdf/current_forms/it/it255i.pdf", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": null, "excerpt": "The credit is equal to 25% (0.25) of your qualified solar energy system equipment expenditures and is limited to $5,000." }, { "id": "STATES-ny-sun-manual", "title": "NY-Sun Program Manual, April 2026 (Version 22)", "url": "https://www.nyserda.ny.gov/-/media/Project/Nyserda/Files/Programs/NY-Sun/Contractor-Resources/program-manual.pdf", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": null, "excerpt": "Incentives in the residential program will be provided directly to the contractor of record for the project, not to the customer or builder." }, { "id": "STATES-ny-coned-dashboard", "title": "NYSERDA NY-Sun Con Edison dashboard", "url": "https://www.nyserda.ny.gov/All-Programs/NY-Sun/Contractors/Dashboards-and-incentives/ConEd-Dashboard", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": null, "excerpt": "Con Edison Residential Incentive Rates from January 1, 2014 to May 29, 2025" }, { "id": "STATES-ny-upstate-dashboard", "title": "NYSERDA NY-Sun Upstate dashboard", "url": "https://www.nyserda.ny.gov/All-Programs/NY-Sun/Contractors/Dashboards-and-incentives/Upstate-Dashboard", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": null, "excerpt": "Upstate Residential Block 14 is limited to installations located in the NYSEG, RG&E, and National Grid electric service territories." }, { "id": "STATES-ny-li-dashboard", "title": "NYSERDA NY-Sun Long Island dashboard", "url": "https://www.nyserda.ny.gov/All-Programs/NY-Sun/Contractors/Dashboards-and-incentives/Long-Island-Dashboard", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": null, "excerpt": "Projects eligible for the Affordable Solar Residential Incentive will receive a total incentive of $0.40/W of nameplate capacity in the Long Island region." }, { "id": "STATES-ny-cbc-2022", "title": "NYSERDA Customer Benefit Contribution fact sheet (2022 rates)", "url": "https://www.nyserda.ny.gov/-/media/Project/Nyserda/Files/Programs/NY-Sun/2022-Utility-Published-Customer-Benefit-Contribution-Rates.pdf", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2022-01-01", "excerpt": "Residential and small commercial customers who interconnect solar PV at their site on or after January 1, 2022 will be subject to a new Customer Benefit Contribution (CBC) billing item." } ], "unresolved": "Current NY-Sun block rates and remaining capacity by region, a household's income eligibility, the current CBC rate for the serving utility (only 2022 rates were verified; current values are filed in PSC Case 15-E-0751), and whether a taxpayer can use the full credit are not established." } }, { "code": "OH", "name": "Ohio", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 15.99, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 4.48, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 8928.192000000001, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 15.99, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 15.99, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 1427.6179008000004, "payback_years": 13.409975875761763, "flat_price_payback_years": 16.299803201806775, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 16.172585915725094, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 11.459174996272829 }, "incentive_summary": "Unknown: current incentives, eligibility and legacy status not verified. Unknown does not mean none exist. Places to check: the net-metering or export tariff of the utility serving the address, and the Public Utilities Commission of Ohio (puco.ohio.gov).", "incentive_review": { "status": "unknown", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": null, "program_status": "Unknown — no active or legacy status verified.", "territory": "Utility and program territory not verified.", "eligibility": "Not verified; check the administering agency and the electric utility for the installation address.", "effective_date": null, "sources": [], "unresolved": "No claim-specific primary administrator record was verified for this row in this review. Do not infer that no benefits are available." } }, { "code": "OK", "name": "Oklahoma", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 12.24, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 5.39, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 10741.731, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 12.24, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 12.24, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 1314.7878744, "payback_years": 14.379188752548854, "flat_price_payback_years": 17.762550274313245, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 17.3015421378798, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 12.308084303019353 }, "incentive_summary": "Unknown: current incentives, eligibility and legacy status not verified. Unknown does not mean none exist. Places to check: the net-metering or export tariff of the utility serving the address, and the Oklahoma Corporation Commission (oklahoma.gov/occ.html).", "incentive_review": { "status": "unknown", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": null, "program_status": "Unknown — no active or legacy status verified.", "territory": "Utility and program territory not verified.", "eligibility": "Not verified; check the administering agency and the electric utility for the installation address.", "effective_date": null, "sources": [], "unresolved": "No claim-specific primary administrator record was verified for this row in this review. Do not infer that no benefits are available." } }, { "code": "OR", "name": "Oregon", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 14.7, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 4.13, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 8230.677, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 14.7, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 14.7, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 1209.9095189999998, "payback_years": 15.416170837563394, "flat_price_payback_years": 19.37950948919396, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 18.50520221343561, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 13.219319769868994 }, "incentive_summary": "Unknown: current incentives, eligibility and legacy status not verified. Unknown does not mean none exist. Places to check: the net-metering or export tariff of the utility serving the address, and the Oregon Public Utility Commission (oregon.gov/puc).", "incentive_review": { "status": "unknown", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": null, "program_status": "Unknown — no active or legacy status verified.", "territory": "Utility and program territory not verified.", "eligibility": "Not verified; check the administering agency and the electric utility for the installation address.", "effective_date": null, "sources": [], "unresolved": "No claim-specific primary administrator record was verified for this row in this review. Do not infer that no benefits are available." } }, { "code": "PA", "name": "Pennsylvania", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 17.77, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 4.55, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 9067.695, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 17.77, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 17.77, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 1611.3294015, "payback_years": 12.087672479063059, "flat_price_payback_years": 14.372857109577806, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 14.620300403701028, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 10.304303029896984 }, "incentive_summary": "Unknown: current incentives, eligibility and legacy status not verified. Unknown does not mean none exist. Places to check: the net-metering or export tariff of the utility serving the address, and the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission (puc.pa.gov).", "incentive_review": { "status": "unknown", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": null, "program_status": "Unknown — no active or legacy status verified.", "territory": "Utility and program territory not verified.", "eligibility": "Not verified; check the administering agency and the electric utility for the installation address.", "effective_date": null, "sources": [], "unresolved": "No claim-specific primary administrator record was verified for this row in this review. Do not infer that no benefits are available." } }, { "code": "RI", "name": "Rhode Island", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 28.65, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 4.74, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 9446.346000000001, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 28.65, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 28.65, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 2706.378129, "payback_years": 7.6170571018472355, "flat_price_payback_years": 8.432347365464988, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 9.318689976355936, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 6.441844203565513 }, "incentive_summary": "Unknown: current incentives, eligibility and legacy status not verified. Unknown does not mean none exist. Places to check: the net-metering or export tariff of the utility serving the address.", "incentive_review": { "status": "unknown", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": null, "program_status": "Unknown — no active or legacy status verified.", "territory": "Utility and program territory not verified.", "eligibility": "Not verified; check the administering agency and the electric utility for the installation address.", "effective_date": null, "sources": [], "unresolved": "No claim-specific primary administrator record was verified for this row in this review. Do not infer that no benefits are available." } }, { "code": "SC", "name": "South Carolina", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 14.23, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 5.22, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 10402.938, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 14.23, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 14.23, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 1480.3380774000002, "payback_years": 13.00384312869449, "flat_price_payback_years": 15.695875326723487, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 15.693529474914136, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 11.103701379017982 }, "incentive_summary": "South Carolina Code 12-6-3587 allows an income tax credit of 25% of the cost of purchasing and installing a solar energy system on a South Carolina facility the taxpayer owns, claimed on Department of Revenue Schedule TC-38 after installation is complete. Each year's use is capped at the lesser of 3,500 dollars per facility or 50% of that year's tax liability, and the excess may be carried forward for up to ten years. It is a credit against income tax, not an upfront rebate. Export compensation is separate: under SC Code 58-40-20, applications received after May 31, 2021 fall under a solar choice metering tariff set by the Public Service Commission, and that tariff's rate is not verified here.", "incentive_review": { "status": "verified_scope", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": "2026-09-24", "program_status": "Active state income tax credit, administered by the South Carolina Department of Revenue. Section 12-6-3587 was re-enacted by 2019 Act No. 47 for tax years beginning after 2018; the only repeal date in the retrieved section's notes (January 1, 2032) applies to geothermal equipment, not solar. Legacy net metering under Commission Order No. 2015-194 applies only to applications before June 1, 2021; under Section 58-40-20(B), applicants after the 2019 act's May 16, 2019 effective date and before June 1, 2021 may continue it until May 31, 2029. No end date is stated for earlier applicants.", "territory": "Statewide South Carolina income tax credit for a taxpayer-owned facility in South Carolina; not tied to a utility territory. Export tariffs are utility-specific and are not part of this record.", "eligibility": "Taxpayer who owns the system on a South Carolina facility; claim only after installation is complete; qualified cost excludes land and structural elements of the building such as walls and roofs; the system must be certified for performance by the SRCC or a comparable entity endorsed by the State Energy Office, and TC-38 treats a solar interconnection agreement between a utility and the taxpayer as that certification. Using the full 3,500-dollar annual limit requires at least 7,000 dollars of South Carolina income tax liability that year.", "effective_date": "2019-05-16 (2019 Act No. 47; tax years beginning after 2018)", "sources": [ { "id": "SC-credit", "title": "South Carolina Code Section 12-6-3587: solar energy system income tax credit", "url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t12c006.php", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2019-05-16", "excerpt": "The amount of the credit in any year may not exceed three thousand five hundred dollars for each facility or fifty percent of the taxpayer's tax liability for that taxable year, whichever is less." }, { "id": "SC-tc38", "title": "South Carolina DOR Schedule TC-38 (Rev. 3/28/22): credit computation and certification", "url": "https://dor.sc.gov/sites/dor/files/forms/TC38.pdf", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": null, "excerpt": "Any solar interconnection agreement between a utility and a taxpayer is certification the system has been reviewed by an appropriate entity." }, { "id": "SC-solar-choice", "title": "South Carolina Code Section 58-40-20: legacy net metering and solar choice metering", "url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t58c040.php", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2019-05-16", "excerpt": "may continue net energy metering service as provided for in Commission Order No. 2015-194 until May 31, 2029." } ], "unresolved": "Household tax liability, qualified cost after excluding structural work, and the filing-year form version must be checked. The current Duke Energy, Dominion Energy, Santee Cooper, cooperative and municipal export rates, netting intervals and minimum bills are not verified here; Chapter 40 exempts utilities with fewer than 100,000 customer accounts and its utility definition excludes electric cooperatives. No state credit is applied in the benchmark column." } }, { "code": "SD", "name": "South Dakota", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 12.86, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 4.95, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 9864.855, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 12.86, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 12.86, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 1268.6203529999998, "payback_years": 14.818885179366053, "flat_price_payback_years": 18.439906910256653, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 17.81214357521869, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 12.692935021074973 }, "incentive_summary": "Unknown: current incentives, eligibility and legacy status not verified. Unknown does not mean none exist. Places to check: the net-metering or export tariff of the utility serving the address, and the South Dakota Public Utilities Commission (puc.sd.gov).", "incentive_review": { "status": "unknown", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": null, "program_status": "Unknown — no active or legacy status verified.", "territory": "Utility and program territory not verified.", "eligibility": "Not verified; check the administering agency and the electric utility for the installation address.", "effective_date": null, "sources": [], "unresolved": "No claim-specific primary administrator record was verified for this row in this review. Do not infer that no benefits are available." } }, { "code": "TN", "name": "Tennessee", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 12.42, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 4.92, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 9805.068, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 12.42, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 12.42, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 1217.7894456, "payback_years": 15.333273513942546, "flat_price_payback_years": 19.247742519928213, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 18.408936949469865, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 13.146762676896216 }, "incentive_summary": "Unknown: current incentives, eligibility and legacy status not verified. Unknown does not mean none exist. Places to check: the net-metering or export tariff of the utility serving the address, and the Tennessee Public Utility Commission (tn.gov/tpuc.html).", "incentive_review": { "status": "unknown", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": null, "program_status": "Unknown — no active or legacy status verified.", "territory": "Utility and program territory not verified.", "eligibility": "Not verified; check the administering agency and the electric utility for the installation address.", "effective_date": null, "sources": [], "unresolved": "No claim-specific primary administrator record was verified for this row in this review. Do not infer that no benefits are available." } }, { "code": "TX", "name": "Texas", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 14.94, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 5.48, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 10921.092, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 14.94, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 14.94, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 1631.6111448000001, "payback_years": 11.957937730720214, "flat_price_payback_years": 14.187491495253253, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 14.467114768430445, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 10.191643481836705 }, "incentive_summary": "Statewide: PUCT rule 25.217 (project 39797, effective June 11, 2012) says that in customer-choice areas a solar owner who chooses to sell exports sells them to the retail electric provider serving the premises at a value both agree to, while interconnection is requested from the electric utility; in areas without customer choice the serving utility buys exports at a value consistent with rule 25.242. Texas Tax Code 11.27 exempts from property tax the appraised value an on-site solar device adds, if the owner files Form 50-123 with the appraisal district; it is not a cash rebate. Oncor delivery territory only: Oncor’s Residential Solar Program describes an incentive paid to participating service providers for new solar systems with battery storage (maximum 15 kW DC) and requires a signed interconnection agreement. Current Oncor funding and the household incentive amount are unknown.", "incentive_review": { "program_status": "PUCT rule 25.217 in force as printed (effective June 11, 2012); it governs export sale and interconnection and is not an incentive. Tax Code 11.27 in force as last amended effective September 1, 2021; the exemption is not automatic and needs an application. Oncor program requirements documented; Oncor says its residential programs typically run February through November; current funding/award availability unknown, not a promise of open enrollment.", "territory": "Rule 25.217: statewide for electric utilities, transmission and distribution utilities and retail electric providers, excluding river authorities that are electric utilities. Tax Code 11.27: statewide property tax exemption. Oncor program: Oncor electric-delivery customers only; not all Texas or ERCOT customers.", "eligibility": "Buyback in choice areas is optional and by agreement with the retail provider (25.217(f)(2)). Interconnection: the utility shall permit it when conditions including proof of an original manufacturer's warranty of at least five years are met (25.217(c)(1)). Property tax exemption: solar device primarily for on-site use; Form 50-123 filed with the county appraisal district on or before April 30 per the Comptroller's guidelines. Oncor: new array with energy-storage backup, no existing solar array, maximum 15 kW DC, participating service provider and signed Oncor interconnection agreement.", "effective_date": "Rule 25.217: 2012-06-11; Tax Code 11.27 as last amended: 2021-09-01; Oncor program year not stated", "unresolved": "No retail provider buyback price, cap or credit expiry is verified; municipal utility, cooperative and other non-choice export terms are not verified. The size of any property tax saving depends on the appraisal district's valuation and is not modeled. Oncor's page states no program-year effective date, available funds or household incentive amount.", "sources": [ { "id": "TX-puct-25217", "title": "PUCT Substantive Rule 25.217, Distributed Renewable Generation (project 39797)", "url": "https://www.puc.texas.gov/agency/rulesnlaws/subrules/electric/25.217/25.217.pdf", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2012-06-11", "excerpt": "shall sell their out-flows to the REP that serves the premises at which the DRG is located at a value to which both parties agree." }, { "id": "TX-tax-1127", "title": "Texas Tax Code Section 11.27, Solar and Wind-Powered Energy Devices", "url": "https://tcss.legis.texas.gov/resources/TX/htm/TX.11.htm", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2021-09-01", "excerpt": "A person is entitled to an exemption from taxation of the appraised value of a solar or wind-powered energy device owned by the person that is installed or constructed on real property and is primarily for production and distribution of energy for on-site use regardless of whether the person owns the real property on which the device is installed or constructed." }, { "id": "TX-form-50-123", "title": "Comptroller Form 50-123, Exemption Application for Solar or Wind-Powered Energy Devices", "url": "https://comptroller.texas.gov/forms/50-123.pdf", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": null, "excerpt": "File this form and all supporting documentation with the appraisal district office in each county in which the property is located." }, { "id": "TX-guidelines-96-1569", "title": "Comptroller Solar and Wind-Powered Energy Device Exemption and Appraisal Guidelines (May 2022)", "url": "https://comptroller.texas.gov/taxes/property-tax/docs/96-1569.pdf", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": null, "excerpt": "These exemptions are not automatic. Property owners must file applications for the appraised value of this type of property to be exempt." }, { "id": "TX-solar", "title": "Oncor Residential Solar Program requirements", "url": "https://www.oncor.com/content/oncorwww/talot/en/home/residential/residentialsolar.html", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": null, "excerpt": "The customer must sign an Interconnection Agreement with Oncor. Maximum system size is 15 kW DC." }, { "id": "TX-interconnection", "title": "Oncor renewable generation interconnection FAQ", "url": "https://www.oncor.com/content/oncorwww/us/en/home/faqs/faqs-details.html", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": null, "excerpt": "Oncor provides a Permission To Operate (PTO) letter to both the customer and the installer." } ], "status": "verified_scope", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": "2026-09-24" } }, { "code": "UT", "name": "Utah", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 12.22, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 5.38, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 10721.802, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 12.22, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 12.22, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 1310.2042044, "payback_years": 14.421457794681864, "flat_price_payback_years": 17.827454699786347, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 17.350627443903964, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 12.345080899362346 }, "incentive_summary": "No state tax credit for new residential PV: Utah's Office of Energy Development says residential solar PV systems installed in 2024 and beyond are not eligible for the state tax credit. Export compensation is a Rocky Mountain Power tariff, not a statewide rule: RMP Schedule 137 (Net Billing Service) credits exports at 4.855 cents/kWh in June–September and 4.033 cents in October–May, effective March 1, 2026 (PSC Docket No. 26-035-T03). RMP's closed legacy schedules end on fixed dates: Schedule 135 net metering on December 31, 2035 and the Schedule 136 transition program on December 31, 2032. Terms of other Utah utilities are not verified in this row.", "incentive_review": { "status": "verified_scope", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": "2026-09-24", "program_status": "State credit: closed to residential solar PV installed in 2024 or later, so the verified value for a new residential PV system is zero; OED says the rest of the credit expires for systems placed in service after January 1, 2028 (HB 264, 2025). Export tariff: RMP Schedule 137 is active, with credit rates effective March 1, 2026 approved by the PSC on February 23, 2026. Legacy: Schedule 135 net metering closed to new applications on November 15, 2017 and terminates December 31, 2035; Schedule 136 transition program closed to new applications on October 31, 2020 and terminates December 31, 2032.", "territory": "State tax credit: Utah statewide. Schedules 135, 136 and 137: Rocky Mountain Power service territory only (available at any point on the Company's interconnected system). Municipal-utility and cooperative customers are not covered by these tariffs.", "eligibility": "Schedule 137: customer-owned or leased renewable facility of up to 25 kW for a residential facility, on or adjacent to the premises, inverter-controlled, with an executed Interconnection Agreement for Net Billing Service; residential means service under RMP Schedules 1, 2, 2E or 3. Schedules 135 and 136 transfer to a later customer at the same premises under a valid interconnection agreement, but service may be terminated if the approved equipment is removed from service (other than short-term for repair or replacement), the system is enlarged after interconnection or the customer switches programs. A Schedule 136 customer who interconnected after the 170 MW residential and small non-residential cap was reached may receive export credits only until a new export tariff becomes effective. State credit: residential PV installed in 2024 or later is not eligible.", "effective_date": "2026-03-01", "sources": [ { "id": "UT-oed-credit", "title": "Utah Office of Energy Development: Renewable Energy Systems Tax Credit, Residential Eligible Technologies", "url": "https://energy.utah.gov/homepage/tax-credits/renewable-energy-systems-tax-credit/", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": null, "excerpt": "Residential solar PV systems installed in 2024 and beyond are not eligible for the state tax credit." }, { "id": "UT-psc-137", "title": "Utah PSC tariff approval letter, Docket Nos. 26-035-T03 and 25-035-64 (Schedule 137, sheet 137.3)", "url": "https://pscdocs.utah.gov/electric/26docs/26035T03/343975TrfAprvlLtrfromPSC2-23-2026.pdf", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2026-03-01", "excerpt": "The PSC, therefore, approves the Schedule 137 Revisions as filed, effective March 1, 2026." }, { "id": "UT-rmp-137", "title": "Rocky Mountain Power Electric Service Schedule No. 137, Net Billing Service (P.S.C.U. No. 52)", "url": "https://www.rockymountainpower.net/content/dam/pcorp/documents/en/rockymountainpower/rates-regulation/utah/rates/137_Net_Billing_Service.pdf", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2026-03-01", "excerpt": "All unused credits accumulated by the customer-generator shall expire with the regularly scheduled meter reading at the conclusion of the Annualized Billing Period." }, { "id": "UT-rmp-135", "title": "Rocky Mountain Power Electric Service Schedule No. 135, Net Metering Service (closed to applications for new service as of November 15, 2017); effective_date is that of Original Sheet No. 135.1 (term); sheets 135.3 and 135.6 are effective December 1, 2025 and sheet 135.4 (March credit expiry) July 1, 2026", "url": "https://www.rockymountainpower.net/content/dam/pcorp/documents/en/rockymountainpower/rates-regulation/utah/rates/135_Net_Metering_Service.pdf", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2025-04-25", "excerpt": "Service under this Schedule will terminate on December 31, 2035." }, { "id": "UT-rmp-136", "title": "Rocky Mountain Power Electric Service Schedule No. 136, Transition Program for Customer Generators (closed to applications for new service as of October 31, 2020)", "url": "https://www.rockymountainpower.net/content/dam/pcorp/documents/en/rockymountainpower/rates-regulation/utah/rates/136_Transition_Program_for_Customer_Generators.pdf", "http_status": 200, "accessed_on": "2026-09-24", "effective_date": "2025-04-25", "excerpt": "Service under this Schedule will terminate on December 31, 2032." } ], "unresolved": "Export terms of Utah municipal utilities and electric cooperatives, the Schedule 80 surcharge adjustment on RMP import bills, RMP residential Schedules 2, 2E and 3, which interconnection agreement a particular home holds, and whether a particular Schedule 136 home interconnected after that program's 170 MW cap was reached are not verified here. The Schedule 137 sheets state no netting interval. No state credit is applied in the benchmark column." } }, { "code": "VA", "name": "Virginia", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 14.41, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 5, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 9964.5, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 14.41, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 14.41, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 1435.88445, "payback_years": 13.344322535736584, "flat_price_payback_years": 16.20192826288127, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 16.09634538307939, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 11.40171095174025 }, "incentive_summary": "Unknown: current incentives, eligibility and legacy status not verified. Unknown does not mean none exist. Places to check: the net-metering or export tariff of the utility serving the address, and the State Corporation Commission (scc.virginia.gov).", "incentive_review": { "status": "unknown", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": null, "program_status": "Unknown — no active or legacy status verified.", "territory": "Utility and program territory not verified.", "eligibility": "Not verified; check the administering agency and the electric utility for the installation address.", "effective_date": null, "sources": [], "unresolved": "No claim-specific primary administrator record was verified for this row in this review. Do not infer that no benefits are available." } }, { "code": "VT", "name": "Vermont", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 21.9, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 4.36, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 8689.044000000002, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 21.9, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 21.9, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 1902.900636, "payback_years": 10.45049580194687, "flat_price_payback_years": 12.102019721238008, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 12.693107196866077, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 8.885890489774985 }, "incentive_summary": "Unknown: current incentives, eligibility and legacy status not verified. Unknown does not mean none exist. Places to check: the net-metering or export tariff of the utility serving the address, and the Vermont Public Utility Commission (puc.vermont.gov).", "incentive_review": { "status": "unknown", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": null, "program_status": "Unknown — no active or legacy status verified.", "territory": "Utility and program territory not verified.", "eligibility": "Not verified; check the administering agency and the electric utility for the installation address.", "effective_date": null, "sources": [], "unresolved": "No claim-specific primary administrator record was verified for this row in this review. Do not infer that no benefits are available." } }, { "code": "WA", "name": "Washington", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 11.9, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 3.85, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 7672.665, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 11.9, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 11.9, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 913.047135, "payback_years": 19.389737173325827, "flat_price_payback_years": null, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 23.077403960428793, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 16.73386384495398 }, "incentive_summary": "Unknown: current incentives, eligibility and legacy status not verified. Unknown does not mean none exist. Places to check: the net-metering or export tariff of the utility serving the address, and the Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission (utc.wa.gov).", "incentive_review": { "status": "unknown", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": null, "program_status": "Unknown — no active or legacy status verified.", "territory": "Utility and program territory not verified.", "eligibility": "Not verified; check the administering agency and the electric utility for the installation address.", "effective_date": null, "sources": [], "unresolved": "No claim-specific primary administrator record was verified for this row in this review. Do not infer that no benefits are available." } }, { "code": "WI", "name": "Wisconsin", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 17.18, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 4.6, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 9167.339999999998, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 17.18, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 17.18, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 1574.9490119999998, "payback_years": 12.32686129416861, "flat_price_payback_years": 14.717319175837321, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 14.904962910492575, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 10.513656532973126 }, "incentive_summary": "Unknown: current incentives, eligibility and legacy status not verified. Unknown does not mean none exist. Places to check: the net-metering or export tariff of the utility serving the address, and the Public Service Commission of Wisconsin (psc.wi.gov).", "incentive_review": { "status": "unknown", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": null, "program_status": "Unknown — no active or legacy status verified.", "territory": "Utility and program territory not verified.", "eligibility": "Not verified; check the administering agency and the electric utility for the installation address.", "effective_date": null, "sources": [], "unresolved": "No claim-specific primary administrator record was verified for this row in this review. Do not infer that no benefits are available." } }, { "code": "WV", "name": "West Virginia", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 15.07, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 4.47, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 8908.263, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 15.07, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 15.07, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 1342.4752341, "payback_years": 14.130002939945154, "flat_price_payback_years": 17.379923624005034, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 17.0121728678111, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 12.089980781905965 }, "incentive_summary": "Unknown: current incentives, eligibility and legacy status not verified. Unknown does not mean none exist. Places to check: the net-metering or export tariff of the utility serving the address, and the Public Service Commission of West Virginia (psc.state.wv.us).", "incentive_review": { "status": "unknown", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": null, "program_status": "Unknown — no active or legacy status verified.", "territory": "Utility and program territory not verified.", "eligibility": "Not verified; check the administering agency and the electric utility for the installation address.", "effective_date": null, "sources": [], "unresolved": "No claim-specific primary administrator record was verified for this row in this review. Do not infer that no benefits are available." } }, { "code": "WY", "name": "Wyoming", "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 12.47, "electricity_rate_period": "Calendar year 2024 annual average", "electricity_rate_source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_02_10.html", "electricity_rate_verified_on": "2026-09-24", "insolation_kwh_per_m2_per_day": 5.39, "insolation_status": "reproducible_nsrdb_pvwatts_v8", "insolation_period": "NSRDB PSM V3 GOES tmy-2020 for 49 states and DC; NSRDB PSM V4 Polar tmy-2023 for Alaska (the dataset PVWatts selected for that location). Retrieved 2026-09-24.", "insolation_source_attribution_status": "NSRDB via NLR PVWatts v8 solrad_annual at the 2020 Census state center of population; per-state requests in public/data/state-insolation-pvwatts.json", "model_input": { "system_size_kw": 7, "estimated_annual_kwh": 10741.731, "electricity_rate_cents_per_kwh": 12.47, "cost_per_watt_usd": 3.2, "annual_degradation_pct": 0.5, "annual_rate_inflation_pct": 3, "self_consumption_pct": 100, "export_rate_cents_per_kwh": 12.47, "annual_fixed_cost_usd": 0, "annual_incentive_usd": 0, "incentive_years": 0, "state_credit_usd": 0, "utility_rebate_usd": 0, "incentive_cashflows": [] }, "benchmark": { "year_1_savings_usd": 1339.4938557, "payback_years": 14.156340396624563, "flat_price_payback_years": 17.42036498269069, "production_minus_20_pct_payback_years": 17.042757476682507, "production_plus_20_pct_payback_years": 12.113033025446356 }, "incentive_summary": "Unknown: current incentives, eligibility and legacy status not verified. Unknown does not mean none exist. Places to check: the net-metering or export tariff of the utility serving the address, and the Wyoming Public Service Commission (psc.wyo.gov).", "incentive_review": { "status": "unknown", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-24", "verified_on": null, "program_status": "Unknown — no active or legacy status verified.", "territory": "Utility and program territory not verified.", "eligibility": "Not verified; check the administering agency and the electric utility for the installation address.", "effective_date": null, "sources": [], "unresolved": "No claim-specific primary administrator record was verified for this row in this review. Do not infer that no benefits are available." } } ] }